man Catalyst::Plugin::I18N::Manual (3): (Draft) I18N and L10N with Catalyst and Template Toolkit.

OUTLINE

    Prerequisites:
     - perl >= 5.8.0
     - Catalyst >= 5.33
     - Catalyst::Plugin::I18N >= 0.04
     - Catalyst::Plugin::Unicode >= 0.2
     - Catlayst::View::TT && Template-Toolkit >= 2.14
     - GNU gettext utilities
     - An editor that understands UTF-8 and Byte Order Mark (BOM)
    $ catalyst.pl MyApp
    created "MyApp"
    created "MyApp/script"
    created "MyApp/lib"
    created "MyApp/root"
    created "MyApp/root/static"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images"
    created "MyApp/t"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/Model"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/View"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/Controller"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp.pm"
    created "MyApp/Makefile.PL"
    created "MyApp/README"
    created "MyApp/Changes"
    created "MyApp/t/01app.t"
    created "MyApp/t/02pod.t"
    created "MyApp/t/03podcoverage.t"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/catalyst_logo.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_built.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_built_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_powered.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_powered_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_built.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_built_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_powered.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_powered_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/favicon.ico"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_cgi.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_fastcgi.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_server.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_test.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_create.pl"
    $ cd MyApp
    $ vim lib/MyApp.pm
    use Catalyst qw/-Debug I18N Unicode/;
    
    sub begin : Private {
        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
        
        my $locale = $c->request->param('locale');
        
        $c->response->headers->push_header( 'Vary' => 'Accept-Language' );  # hmm vary and param?
        $c->languages( $locale ? [ $locale ] : undef );
    }
    sub default : Private {
        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
        my $name = $c->request->param('name') || $c->loc('Guest');
        $c->response->content_type('text/plain; charset=utf-8');
        $c->response->body( $c->loc( 'Welcome [_1]!', $name ) );
    }
    $ mkdir lib/MyApp/I18N
    $ xgettext.pl --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --directory=lib/
    $ ls lib/MyApp/I18N/
    messages.pot
    $ msginit --input=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po --locale=sv
    Created lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po.
    $ vim lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po
    "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
    #: lib/MyApp.pm:50
    msgid "Guest"
    msgstr "Ga.st"
    #. ($name)
    #: lib/MyApp.pm:54
    msgid "Welcome %1!"
    msgstr "Va.lkommen %1!"
    $ perl script/myapp_server.pl
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:45 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Debug messages enabled
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded plugins:
    .------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
    | Catalyst::Plugin::I18N                                                       |
    | Catalyst::Plugin::Unicode                                                    |
    '------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded dispatcher "Catalyst::Dispatcher"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded engine "Catalyst::Engine::HTTP"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Found home "/Users/chansen/MyApp"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:48 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Initialized i18n "MyApp::I18N"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:48 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded Private actions:
    .----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------.
    | Private              | Class                                  | Method       |
    +----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------+
    | /default             | MyApp                                  | default      |
    '----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------'
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:48 2005] [catalyst] [info] MyApp powered by Catalyst 5.57
    You can connect to your server at http://localhost:3000
    # point your browser to http://localhost:3000/?name=Joe
    # output should render:
    Va.lkommen Joe!
    $ vim lib/MyApp.pm
    sub default : Private {
        # ...
        $c->response->body( $c->loc( 'Welcome to my homepage [_1]!', $name ) );
    }
    
    $ xgettext.pl --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --directory=lib/
    $ msgmerge --update lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot
    . done.
    $ vim lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po
    #. ($name)
    #: lib/MyApp.pm:54
    msgid "Welcome to my homepage %1!"
    msgstr "Va.lkommen till min hemsida %1!"
    $ perl script/myapp_server.pl
    # point your browser to http://localhost:3000/?name=Joe
    # output should render:
    Va.lkommen till min hemsida Joe!
    $ perl script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
     exists "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/View"
     exists "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../t"
    created "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/View/TT.pm"
    created "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../t/view_TT.t"
    
    $ vim lib/MyApp.pm
    sub default : Private {
        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
        my $name = $c->request->param('name') || $c->loc('Guest');
        $c->response->content_type('text/plain; charset=utf-8');
        $c->stash(
            name     => $name,
            template => 'test.tt' 
        );
        
        $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
    }
    $ vim root/test.tt # Save file in UTF-8 with BOM
    
    [% c.loc( 'Welcome to my place [_1]!', c.stash.name ) %]
    
    $ xgettext.pl --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --directory=lib/ --directory=root/
    $ msgmerge --update lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot
    . done.    
    
    $ vim lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po
    #. (c.stash.name)
    #: root/test.tt:1
    msgid "Welcome to my place %1!"
    msgstr "Va.lkommen till mitt sta.lle %1!"
    
    $ perl script/myapp_server.pl 
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Debug messages enabled
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded plugins:
    .------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
    | Catalyst::Plugin::I18N                                                       |
    | Catalyst::Plugin::Unicode                                                    |
    '------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded dispatcher "Catalyst::Dispatcher"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded engine "Catalyst::Engine::HTTP"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Found home "/Users/chansen/MyApp"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Initialized i18n "MyApp::I18N"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:59 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded components:
    .-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------.
    | Class                                                             | Type     |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
    | MyApp::View::TT                                                   | instance |
    '-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------'
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:59 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded Private actions:
    .----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------.
    | Private              | Class                                  | Method       |
    +----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------+
    | /default             | MyApp                                  | default      |
    '----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------'
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:59 2005] [catalyst] [info] MyApp powered by Catalyst 5.57
    You can connect to your server at http://localhost:3000
    
    # point your browser to http://localhost:3000/?name=Joe
    # output should render:
    Va.lkommen till mitt sta.lle Joe!

INTRODUCTION

INTERNATIONALIZATION

CONTENT NEGOTIATION

Server-driven

Agent-driven

LOCALIZATION

STAYING IN SYNC

TEMPLATE TOOLKIT

RESOURCES

Documentation

Definitions

Internationalization and localization: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization>
Locale: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale>
Byte Order Mark (BOM): <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_Order_Mark>
Character encoding: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding>
Collation: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation>
Content Negotiation: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Negotiation>
Unicode: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode>

Guides

Guidelines, Checklists, and Resources: <http://www.i18nguy.com/guidelines.html>
Localisation Guide: <http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/guide/start>

Perl

Perl Locale handling: <http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perllocale.pod>
Perl Unicode introduction: <http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perluniintro.pod>
Perl Unicode support: <http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perlunicode.pod>
Unicode-processing issues in Perl and how to cope with it: <http://www.ahinea.com/en/tech/perl-unicode-struggle.html>
Web Localization in Perl: <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext-Lexicon/docs/webl10n.html>
Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes: <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext/TPJ13.pod>
Lessons Learned with Perl and UTF-8: <http://www.justatheory.com/computers/programming/perl/utf8_trials.html>
UTF-8 and Perl (In Five Minutes): Slides from a talk given by Mark Fowler.
<http://www.twoshortplanks.com/talks/utf8/perlandutf8.pdf>
Perl Loves UTF-8: Slides from a talk given by Tom Insam.
<http://jerakeen.org/slush/talk-perl-loves-utf8>
Perl I18N Mailing List: <http://lists.cpan.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-i18n>
Perl Unicode Mailing List: <http://lists.cpan.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-unicode>

Portals

Google Directory - Computers > Software > Globalization: <http://www.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Globalization/>
Internationalization (I18N), Localization (L10N), Standards, and Amusements: <http://www.i18nguy.com/>

Standards

RFC 2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol --- HTTP/1.1

<http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html>

Section 12: Content Negotiation: <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec12.html#sec12>
Section 13: Caching in HTTP: <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec13.html#sec13>
Section 13.6: Caching Negotiated Responses: <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec13.html#sec13.6>

RFC 3066 Tags for the Identification of Languages

<http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3066.html>

Web

W3C Internationalization (I18N) Activity: <http://www.w3.org/International/>
Authoring Techniques for XHTML & HTML Internationalization: Characters and Encodings 1.0: <http://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-html-tech-char/>
Authoring Techniques for XHTML & HTML Internationalization: Specifying the language of content 1.0: <http://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-html-tech-lang/>