SYNOPSIS

SUBROUTINE CBDSQR(

UPLO, N, NCVT, NRU, NCC, D, E, VT, LDVT, U, LDU, C, LDC, RWORK, INFO )

    

CHARACTER UPLO

    

INTEGER INFO, LDC, LDU, LDVT, N, NCC, NCVT, NRU

    

REAL D( * ), E( * ), RWORK( * )

    

COMPLEX C( LDC, * ), U( LDU, * ), VT( LDVT, * )

PURPOSE

CBDSQR computes the singular values and, optionally, the right and/or left singular vectors from the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a real N-by-N (upper or lower) bidiagonal matrix B using the implicit zero-shift QR algorithm. The SVD of B has the form

   B = Q * S * P**H

where S is the diagonal matrix of singular values, Q is an orthogonal matrix of left singular vectors, and P is an orthogonal matrix of right singular vectors. If left singular vectors are requested, this subroutine actually returns U*Q instead of Q, and, if right singular vectors are requested, this subroutine returns P**H*VT instead of P**H, for given complex input matrices U and VT. When U and VT are the unitary matrices that reduce a general matrix A to bidiagonal form: A = U*B*VT, as computed by CGEBRD, then


   A = (U*Q) * S * (P**H*VT)

is the SVD of A. Optionally, the subroutine may also compute Q**H*C for a given complex input matrix C.
See "Computing Small Singular Values of Bidiagonal Matrices With Guaranteed High Relative Accuracy," by J. Demmel and W. Kahan, LAPACK Working Note #3 (or SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 873-912, Sept 1990) and
"Accurate singular values and differential qd algorithms," by B. Parlett and V. Fernando, Technical Report CPAM-554, Mathematics Department, University of California at Berkeley, July 1992 for a detailed description of the algorithm.

ARGUMENTS

UPLO (input) CHARACTER*1

= 'U': B is upper bidiagonal;
= 'L': B is lower bidiagonal.

N (input) INTEGER

The order of the matrix B. N >= 0.

NCVT (input) INTEGER

The number of columns of the matrix VT. NCVT >= 0.

NRU (input) INTEGER

The number of rows of the matrix U. NRU >= 0.

NCC (input) INTEGER

The number of columns of the matrix C. NCC >= 0.

D (input/output) REAL array, dimension (N)

On entry, the n diagonal elements of the bidiagonal matrix B. On exit, if INFO=0, the singular values of B in decreasing order.

E (input/output) REAL array, dimension (N-1)

On entry, the N-1 offdiagonal elements of the bidiagonal matrix B. On exit, if INFO = 0, E is destroyed; if INFO > 0, D and E will contain the diagonal and superdiagonal elements of a bidiagonal matrix orthogonally equivalent to the one given as input.

VT (input/output) COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVT, NCVT)

On entry, an N-by-NCVT matrix VT. On exit, VT is overwritten by P**H * VT. Not referenced if NCVT = 0.

LDVT (input) INTEGER

The leading dimension of the array VT. LDVT >= max(1,N) if NCVT > 0; LDVT >= 1 if NCVT = 0.

U (input/output) COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU, N)

On entry, an NRU-by-N matrix U. On exit, U is overwritten by U * Q. Not referenced if NRU = 0.

LDU (input) INTEGER

The leading dimension of the array U. LDU >= max(1,NRU).

C (input/output) COMPLEX array, dimension (LDC, NCC)

On entry, an N-by-NCC matrix C. On exit, C is overwritten by Q**H * C. Not referenced if NCC = 0.

LDC (input) INTEGER

The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,N) if NCC > 0; LDC >=1 if NCC = 0.

RWORK (workspace) REAL array, dimension (2*N)

if NCVT = NRU = NCC = 0, (max(1, 4*N-4)) otherwise

INFO (output) INTEGER

= 0: successful exit
< 0: If INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
> 0: the algorithm did not converge; D and E contain the elements of a bidiagonal matrix which is orthogonally similar to the input matrix B; if INFO = i, i elements of E have not converged to zero.

PARAMETERS

TOLMUL REAL, default = max(10,min(100,EPS**(-1/8)))

TOLMUL controls the convergence criterion of the QR loop. If it is positive, TOLMUL*EPS is the desired relative precision in the computed singular values. If it is negative, abs(TOLMUL*EPS*sigma_max) is the desired absolute accuracy in the computed singular values (corresponds to relative accuracy abs(TOLMUL*EPS) in the largest singular value. abs(TOLMUL) should be between 1 and 1/EPS, and preferably between 10 (for fast convergence) and .1/EPS (for there to be some accuracy in the results). Default is to lose at either one eighth or 2 of the available decimal digits in each computed singular value (whichever is smaller).

MAXITR INTEGER, default = 6

MAXITR controls the maximum number of passes of the algorithm through its inner loop. The algorithms stops (and so fails to converge) if the number of passes through the inner loop exceeds MAXITR*N**2.