Functions
subroutine cgejsv (JOBA, JOBU, JOBV, JOBR, JOBT, JOBP, M, N, A, LDA, SVA, U, LDU, V, LDV, CWORK, LWORK, RWORK, LRWORK, IWORK, INFO)
CGEJSV
subroutine cgesdd (JOBZ, M, N, A, LDA, S, U, LDU, VT, LDVT, WORK, LWORK, RWORK, IWORK, INFO)
CGESDD
subroutine cgesvd (JOBU, JOBVT, M, N, A, LDA, S, U, LDU, VT, LDVT, WORK, LWORK, RWORK, INFO)
CGESVD computes the singular value decomposition (SVD) for GE matrices
subroutine cgesvdx (JOBU, JOBVT, RANGE, M, N, A, LDA, VL, VU, IL, IU, NS, S, U, LDU, VT, LDVT, WORK, LWORK, RWORK, IWORK, INFO)
CGESVDX computes the singular value decomposition (SVD) for GE matrices
Detailed Description
This is the group of complex singular value driver functions for GE matrices
Function Documentation
subroutine cgejsv (character*1 JOBA, character*1 JOBU, character*1 JOBV, character*1 JOBR, character*1 JOBT, character*1 JOBP, integer M, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, real, dimension( n ) SVA, complex, dimension( ldu, * ) U, integer LDU, complex, dimension( ldv, * ) V, integer LDV, complex, dimension( lwork ) CWORK, integer LWORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer LRWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer INFO)
CGEJSV
Purpose:
-
CGEJSV computes the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a complex M-by-N matrix [A], where M >= N. The SVD of [A] is written as [A] = [U] * [SIGMA] * [V]^*, where [SIGMA] is an N-by-N (M-by-N) matrix which is zero except for its N diagonal elements, [U] is an M-by-N (or M-by-M) unitary matrix, and [V] is an N-by-N unitary matrix. The diagonal elements of [SIGMA] are the singular values of [A]. The columns of [U] and [V] are the left and the right singular vectors of [A], respectively. The matrices [U] and [V] are computed and stored in the arrays U and V, respectively. The diagonal of [SIGMA] is computed and stored in the array SVA.
Arguments:
Parameters:
-
JOBA
JOBA is CHARACTER*1 Specifies the level of accuracy: = 'C': This option works well (high relative accuracy) if A = B * D, with well-conditioned B and arbitrary diagonal matrix D. The accuracy cannot be spoiled by COLUMN scaling. The accuracy of the computed output depends on the condition of B, and the procedure aims at the best theoretical accuracy. The relative error max_{i=1:N}|d sigma_i| / sigma_i is bounded by f(M,N)*epsilon* cond(B), independent of D. The input matrix is preprocessed with the QRF with column pivoting. This initial preprocessing and preconditioning by a rank revealing QR factorization is common for all values of JOBA. Additional actions are specified as follows: = 'E': Computation as with 'C' with an additional estimate of the condition number of B. It provides a realistic error bound. = 'F': If A = D1 * C * D2 with ill-conditioned diagonal scalings D1, D2, and well-conditioned matrix C, this option gives higher accuracy than the 'C' option. If the structure of the input matrix is not known, and relative accuracy is desirable, then this option is advisable. The input matrix A is preprocessed with QR factorization with FULL (row and column) pivoting. = 'G' Computation as with 'F' with an additional estimate of the condition number of B, where A=D*B. If A has heavily weighted rows, then using this condition number gives too pessimistic error bound. = 'A': Small singular values are the noise and the matrix is treated as numerically rank defficient. The error in the computed singular values is bounded by f(m,n)*epsilon*||A||. The computed SVD A = U * S * V^* restores A up to f(m,n)*epsilon*||A||. This gives the procedure the licence to discard (set to zero) all singular values below N*epsilon*||A||. = 'R': Similar as in 'A'. Rank revealing property of the initial QR factorization is used do reveal (using triangular factor) a gap sigma_{r+1} < epsilon * sigma_r in which case the numerical RANK is declared to be r. The SVD is computed with absolute error bounds, but more accurately than with 'A'.
JOBUJOBU is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether to compute the columns of U: = 'U': N columns of U are returned in the array U. = 'F': full set of M left sing. vectors is returned in the array U. = 'W': U may be used as workspace of length M*N. See the description of U. = 'N': U is not computed.
JOBVJOBV is CHARACTER*1 Specifies whether to compute the matrix V: = 'V': N columns of V are returned in the array V; Jacobi rotations are not explicitly accumulated. = 'J': N columns of V are returned in the array V, but they are computed as the product of Jacobi rotations. This option is allowed only if JOBU .NE. 'N', i.e. in computing the full SVD. = 'W': V may be used as workspace of length N*N. See the description of V. = 'N': V is not computed.
JOBRJOBR is CHARACTER*1 Specifies the RANGE for the singular values. Issues the licence to set to zero small positive singular values if they are outside specified range. If A .NE. 0 is scaled so that the largest singular value of c*A is around SQRT(BIG), BIG=SLAMCH('O'), then JOBR issues the licence to kill columns of A whose norm in c*A is less than SQRT(SFMIN) (for JOBR.EQ.'R'), or less than SMALL=SFMIN/EPSLN, where SFMIN=SLAMCH('S'), EPSLN=SLAMCH('E'). = 'N': Do not kill small columns of c*A. This option assumes that BLAS and QR factorizations and triangular solvers are implemented to work in that range. If the condition of A is greater than BIG, use CGESVJ. = 'R': RESTRICTED range for sigma(c*A) is [SQRT(SFMIN), SQRT(BIG)] (roughly, as described above). This option is recommended. =========================== For computing the singular values in the FULL range [SFMIN,BIG] use CGESVJ.
JOBTJOBT is CHARACTER*1 If the matrix is square then the procedure may determine to use transposed A if A^* seems to be better with respect to convergence. If the matrix is not square, JOBT is ignored. This is subject to changes in the future. The decision is based on two values of entropy over the adjoint orbit of A^* * A. See the descriptions of WORK(6) and WORK(7). = 'T': transpose if entropy test indicates possibly faster convergence of Jacobi process if A^* is taken as input. If A is replaced with A^*, then the row pivoting is included automatically. = 'N': do not speculate. This option can be used to compute only the singular values, or the full SVD (U, SIGMA and V). For only one set of singular vectors (U or V), the caller should provide both U and V, as one of the matrices is used as workspace if the matrix A is transposed. The implementer can easily remove this constraint and make the code more complicated. See the descriptions of U and V.
JOBPJOBP is CHARACTER*1 Issues the licence to introduce structured perturbations to drown denormalized numbers. This licence should be active if the denormals are poorly implemented, causing slow computation, especially in cases of fast convergence (!). For details see [1,2]. For the sake of simplicity, this perturbations are included only when the full SVD or only the singular values are requested. The implementer/user can easily add the perturbation for the cases of computing one set of singular vectors. = 'P': introduce perturbation = 'N': do not perturb
MM is INTEGER The number of rows of the input matrix A. M >= 0.
NN is INTEGER The number of columns of the input matrix A. M >= N >= 0.
AA is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix A.
LDALDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M).
SVASVA is REAL array, dimension (N) On exit, - For WORK(1)/WORK(2) = ONE: The singular values of A. During the computation SVA contains Euclidean column norms of the iterated matrices in the array A. - For WORK(1) .NE. WORK(2): The singular values of A are (WORK(1)/WORK(2)) * SVA(1:N). This factored form is used if sigma_max(A) overflows or if small singular values have been saved from underflow by scaling the input matrix A. - If JOBR='R' then some of the singular values may be returned as exact zeros obtained by "set to zero" because they are below the numerical rank threshold or are denormalized numbers.
UU is COMPLEX array, dimension ( LDU, N ) or ( LDU, M ) If JOBU = 'U', then U contains on exit the M-by-N matrix of the left singular vectors. If JOBU = 'F', then U contains on exit the M-by-M matrix of the left singular vectors, including an ONB of the orthogonal complement of the Range(A). If JOBU = 'W' .AND. (JOBV.EQ.'V' .AND. JOBT.EQ.'T' .AND. M.EQ.N), then U is used as workspace if the procedure replaces A with A^*. In that case, [V] is computed in U as left singular vectors of A^* and then copied back to the V array. This 'W' option is just a reminder to the caller that in this case U is reserved as workspace of length N*N. If JOBU = 'N' U is not referenced, unless JOBT='T'.
LDULDU is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array U, LDU >= 1. IF JOBU = 'U' or 'F' or 'W', then LDU >= M.
VV is COMPLEX array, dimension ( LDV, N ) If JOBV = 'V', 'J' then V contains on exit the N-by-N matrix of the right singular vectors; If JOBV = 'W', AND (JOBU.EQ.'U' AND JOBT.EQ.'T' AND M.EQ.N), then V is used as workspace if the pprocedure replaces A with A^*. In that case, [U] is computed in V as right singular vectors of A^* and then copied back to the U array. This 'W' option is just a reminder to the caller that in this case V is reserved as workspace of length N*N. If JOBV = 'N' V is not referenced, unless JOBT='T'.
LDVLDV is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array V, LDV >= 1. If JOBV = 'V' or 'J' or 'W', then LDV >= N.
CWORKCWORK is COMPLEX array, dimension at least LWORK.
LWORKLWORK is INTEGER Length of CWORK to confirm proper allocation of workspace. LWORK depends on the job: 1. If only SIGMA is needed ( JOBU.EQ.'N', JOBV.EQ.'N' ) and 1.1 .. no scaled condition estimate required (JOBA.NE.'E'.AND.JOBA.NE.'G'): LWORK >= 2*N+1. This is the minimal requirement. ->> For optimal performance (blocked code) the optimal value is LWORK >= N + (N+1)*NB. Here NB is the optimal block size for CGEQP3 and CGEQRF. In general, optimal LWORK is computed as LWORK >= max(N+LWORK(CGEQP3),N+LWORK(CGEQRF)). 1.2. .. an estimate of the scaled condition number of A is required (JOBA='E', or 'G'). In this case, LWORK the minimal requirement is LWORK >= N*N + 3*N. ->> For optimal performance (blocked code) the optimal value is LWORK >= max(N+(N+1)*NB, N*N+3*N). In general, the optimal length LWORK is computed as LWORK >= max(N+LWORK(CGEQP3),N+LWORK(CGEQRF), N+N*N+LWORK(CPOCON)). 2. If SIGMA and the right singular vectors are needed (JOBV.EQ.'V'), (JOBU.EQ.'N') -> the minimal requirement is LWORK >= 3*N. -> For optimal performance, LWORK >= max(N+(N+1)*NB, 3*N,2*N+N*NB), where NB is the optimal block size for CGEQP3, CGEQRF, CGELQF, CUNMLQ. In general, the optimal length LWORK is computed as LWORK >= max(N+LWORK(CGEQP3), N+LWORK(CPOCON), N+LWORK(CGESVJ), N+LWORK(CGELQF), 2*N+LWORK(CGEQRF), N+LWORK(CUNMLQ)). 3. If SIGMA and the left singular vectors are needed -> the minimal requirement is LWORK >= 3*N. -> For optimal performance: if JOBU.EQ.'U' :: LWORK >= max(3*N, N+(N+1)*NB, 2*N+N*NB), where NB is the optimal block size for CGEQP3, CGEQRF, CUNMQR. In general, the optimal length LWORK is computed as LWORK >= max(N+LWORK(CGEQP3),N+LWORK(CPOCON), 2*N+LWORK(CGEQRF), N+LWORK(CUNMQR)). 4. If the full SVD is needed: (JOBU.EQ.'U' or JOBU.EQ.'F') and 4.1. if JOBV.EQ.'V' the minimal requirement is LWORK >= 5*N+2*N*N. 4.2. if JOBV.EQ.'J' the minimal requirement is LWORK >= 4*N+N*N. In both cases, the allocated CWORK can accommodate blocked runs of CGEQP3, CGEQRF, CGELQF, CUNMQR, CUNMLQ.
RWORKRWORK is REAL array, dimension at least LRWORK. On exit, RWORK(1) = Determines the scaling factor SCALE = RWORK(2) / RWORK(1) such that SCALE*SVA(1:N) are the computed singular values of A. (See the description of SVA().) RWORK(2) = See the description of RWORK(1). RWORK(3) = SCONDA is an estimate for the condition number of column equilibrated A. (If JOBA .EQ. 'E' or 'G') SCONDA is an estimate of SQRT(||(R^* * R)^(-1)||_1). It is computed using SPOCON. It holds N^(-1/4) * SCONDA <= ||R^(-1)||_2 <= N^(1/4) * SCONDA where R is the triangular factor from the QRF of A. However, if R is truncated and the numerical rank is determined to be strictly smaller than N, SCONDA is returned as -1, thus indicating that the smallest singular values might be lost. If full SVD is needed, the following two condition numbers are useful for the analysis of the algorithm. They are provied for a developer/implementer who is familiar with the details of the method. RWORK(4) = an estimate of the scaled condition number of the triangular factor in the first QR factorization. RWORK(5) = an estimate of the scaled condition number of the triangular factor in the second QR factorization. The following two parameters are computed if JOBT .EQ. 'T'. They are provided for a developer/implementer who is familiar with the details of the method. RWORK(6) = the entropy of A^* * A :: this is the Shannon entropy of diag(A^* * A) / Trace(A^* * A) taken as point in the probability simplex. RWORK(7) = the entropy of A * A^*. (See the description of RWORK(6).)
LRWORKLRWORK is INTEGER Length of RWORK to confirm proper allocation of workspace. LRWORK depends on the job: 1. If only singular values are requested i.e. if LSAME(JOBU,'N') .AND. LSAME(JOBV,'N') then: 1.1. If LSAME(JOBT,'T') .OR. LSAME(JOBA,'F') .OR. LSAME(JOBA,'G'), then LRWORK = max( 7, N + 2 * M ). 1.2. Otherwise, LRWORK = max( 7, 2 * N ). 2. If singular values with the right singular vectors are requested i.e. if (LSAME(JOBV,'V').OR.LSAME(JOBV,'J')) .AND. .NOT.(LSAME(JOBU,'U').OR.LSAME(JOBU,'F')) then: 2.1. If LSAME(JOBT,'T') .OR. LSAME(JOBA,'F') .OR. LSAME(JOBA,'G'), then LRWORK = max( 7, N + 2 * M ). 2.2. Otherwise, LRWORK = max( 7, 2 * N ). 3. If singular values with the left singular vectors are requested, i.e. if (LSAME(JOBU,'U').OR.LSAME(JOBU,'F')) .AND. .NOT.(LSAME(JOBV,'V').OR.LSAME(JOBV,'J')) then: 3.1. If LSAME(JOBT,'T') .OR. LSAME(JOBA,'F') .OR. LSAME(JOBA,'G'), then LRWORK = max( 7, N + 2 * M ). 3.2. Otherwise, LRWORK = max( 7, 2 * N ). 4. If singular values with both the left and the right singular vectors are requested, i.e. if (LSAME(JOBU,'U').OR.LSAME(JOBU,'F')) .AND. (LSAME(JOBV,'V').OR.LSAME(JOBV,'J')) then: 4.1. If LSAME(JOBT,'T') .OR. LSAME(JOBA,'F') .OR. LSAME(JOBA,'G'), then LRWORK = max( 7, N + 2 * M ). 4.2. Otherwise, LRWORK = max( 7, 2 * N ).
IWORKIWORK is INTEGER array, of dimension: If LSAME(JOBA,'F') .OR. LSAME(JOBA,'G'), then the dimension of IWORK is max( 3, 2 * N + M ). Otherwise, the dimension of IWORK is -> max( 3, 2*N ) for full SVD -> max( 3, N ) for singular values only or singular values with one set of singular vectors (left or right) On exit, IWORK(1) = the numerical rank determined after the initial QR factorization with pivoting. See the descriptions of JOBA and JOBR. IWORK(2) = the number of the computed nonzero singular values IWORK(3) = if nonzero, a warning message: If IWORK(3).EQ.1 then some of the column norms of A were denormalized floats. The requested high accuracy is not warranted by the data.
INFOINFO is INTEGER < 0 : if INFO = -i, then the i-th argument had an illegal value. = 0 : successful exit; > 0 : CGEJSV did not converge in the maximal allowed number of sweeps. The computed values may be inaccurate.
Author:
-
Univ. of Tennessee
Univ. of California Berkeley
Univ. of Colorado Denver
NAG Ltd.
Date:
- June 2016
Further Details:
-
CGEJSV implements a preconditioned Jacobi SVD algorithm. It uses CGEQP3, CGEQRF, and CGELQF as preprocessors and preconditioners. Optionally, an additional row pivoting can be used as a preprocessor, which in some cases results in much higher accuracy. An example is matrix A with the structure A = D1 * C * D2, where D1, D2 are arbitrarily ill-conditioned diagonal matrices and C is well-conditioned matrix. In that case, complete pivoting in the first QR factorizations provides accuracy dependent on the condition number of C, and independent of D1, D2. Such higher accuracy is not completely understood theoretically, but it works well in practice. Further, if A can be written as A = B*D, with well-conditioned B and some diagonal D, then the high accuracy is guaranteed, both theoretically and in software, independent of D. For more details see [1], [2]. The computational range for the singular values can be the full range ( UNDERFLOW,OVERFLOW ), provided that the machine arithmetic and the BLAS & LAPACK routines called by CGEJSV are implemented to work in that range. If that is not the case, then the restriction for safe computation with the singular values in the range of normalized IEEE numbers is that the spectral condition number kappa(A)=sigma_max(A)/sigma_min(A) does not overflow. This code (CGEJSV) is best used in this restricted range, meaning that singular values of magnitude below ||A||_2 / SLAMCH('O') are returned as zeros. See JOBR for details on this. Further, this implementation is somewhat slower than the one described in [1,2] due to replacement of some non-LAPACK components, and because the choice of some tuning parameters in the iterative part (CGESVJ) is left to the implementer on a particular machine. The rank revealing QR factorization (in this code: CGEQP3) should be implemented as in [3]. We have a new version of CGEQP3 under development that is more robust than the current one in LAPACK, with a cleaner cut in rank defficient cases. It will be available in the SIGMA library [4]. If M is much larger than N, it is obvious that the initial QRF with column pivoting can be preprocessed by the QRF without pivoting. That well known trick is not used in CGEJSV because in some cases heavy row weighting can be treated with complete pivoting. The overhead in cases M much larger than N is then only due to pivoting, but the benefits in terms of accuracy have prevailed. The implementer/user can incorporate this extra QRF step easily. The implementer can also improve data movement (matrix transpose, matrix copy, matrix transposed copy) - this implementation of CGEJSV uses only the simplest, naive data movement.
ar Contributors: Zlatko Drmac (Zagreb, Croatia) and Kresimir Veselic (Hagen, Germany)
ar References: @verbatim [1] Z. Drmac and K. Veselic: New fast and accurate Jacobi SVD algorithm I. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. Vol. 35, No. 2 (2008), pp. 1322-1342. LAPACK Working note 169. [2] Z. Drmac and K. Veselic: New fast and accurate Jacobi SVD algorithm II. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. Vol. 35, No. 2 (2008), pp. 1343-1362. LAPACK Working note 170. [3] Z. Drmac and Z. Bujanovic: On the failure of rank-revealing QR factorization software - a case study. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. Vol. 35, No 2 (2008), pp. 1-28. LAPACK Working note 176. [4] Z. Drmac: SIGMA - mathematical software library for accurate SVD, PSV, QSVD, (H,K)-SVD computations. Department of Mathematics, University of Zagreb, 2008.
Bugs, examples and comments:
- Please report all bugs and send interesting examples and/or comments to [email protected]. Thank you.
subroutine cgesdd (character JOBZ, integer M, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, real, dimension( * ) S, complex, dimension( ldu, * ) U, integer LDU, complex, dimension( ldvt, * ) VT, integer LDVT, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer INFO)
CGESDD
Purpose:
-
CGESDD computes the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a complex M-by-N matrix A, optionally computing the left and/or right singular vectors, by using divide-and-conquer method. The SVD is written A = U * SIGMA * conjugate-transpose(V) where SIGMA is an M-by-N matrix which is zero except for its min(m,n) diagonal elements, U is an M-by-M unitary matrix, and V is an N-by-N unitary matrix. The diagonal elements of SIGMA are the singular values of A; they are real and non-negative, and are returned in descending order. The first min(m,n) columns of U and V are the left and right singular vectors of A. Note that the routine returns VT = V**H, not V. The divide and conquer algorithm makes very mild assumptions about floating point arithmetic. It will work on machines with a guard digit in add/subtract, or on those binary machines without guard digits which subtract like the Cray X-MP, Cray Y-MP, Cray C-90, or Cray-2. It could conceivably fail on hexadecimal or decimal machines without guard digits, but we know of none.
Parameters:
-
JOBZ
JOBZ is CHARACTER*1 Specifies options for computing all or part of the matrix U: = 'A': all M columns of U and all N rows of V**H are returned in the arrays U and VT; = 'S': the first min(M,N) columns of U and the first min(M,N) rows of V**H are returned in the arrays U and VT; = 'O': If M >= N, the first N columns of U are overwritten in the array A and all rows of V**H are returned in the array VT; otherwise, all columns of U are returned in the array U and the first M rows of V**H are overwritten in the array A; = 'N': no columns of U or rows of V**H are computed.
MM is INTEGER The number of rows of the input matrix A. M >= 0.
NN is INTEGER The number of columns of the input matrix A. N >= 0.
AA is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix A. On exit, if JOBZ = 'O', A is overwritten with the first N columns of U (the left singular vectors, stored columnwise) if M >= N; A is overwritten with the first M rows of V**H (the right singular vectors, stored rowwise) otherwise. if JOBZ .ne. 'O', the contents of A are destroyed.
LDALDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M).
SS is REAL array, dimension (min(M,N)) The singular values of A, sorted so that S(i) >= S(i+1).
UU is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU,UCOL) UCOL = M if JOBZ = 'A' or JOBZ = 'O' and M < N; UCOL = min(M,N) if JOBZ = 'S'. If JOBZ = 'A' or JOBZ = 'O' and M < N, U contains the M-by-M unitary matrix U; if JOBZ = 'S', U contains the first min(M,N) columns of U (the left singular vectors, stored columnwise); if JOBZ = 'O' and M >= N, or JOBZ = 'N', U is not referenced.
LDULDU is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array U. LDU >= 1; if JOBZ = 'S' or 'A' or JOBZ = 'O' and M < N, LDU >= M.
VTVT is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVT,N) If JOBZ = 'A' or JOBZ = 'O' and M >= N, VT contains the N-by-N unitary matrix V**H; if JOBZ = 'S', VT contains the first min(M,N) rows of V**H (the right singular vectors, stored rowwise); if JOBZ = 'O' and M < N, or JOBZ = 'N', VT is not referenced.
LDVTLDVT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VT. LDVT >= 1; if JOBZ = 'A' or JOBZ = 'O' and M >= N, LDVT >= N; if JOBZ = 'S', LDVT >= min(M,N).
WORKWORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
LWORKLWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= 1. If LWORK = -1, a workspace query is assumed. The optimal size for the WORK array is calculated and stored in WORK(1), and no other work except argument checking is performed. Let mx = max(M,N) and mn = min(M,N). If JOBZ = 'N', LWORK >= 2*mn + mx. If JOBZ = 'O', LWORK >= 2*mn*mn + 2*mn + mx. If JOBZ = 'S', LWORK >= mn*mn + 3*mn. If JOBZ = 'A', LWORK >= mn*mn + 2*mn + mx. These are not tight minimums in all cases; see comments inside code. For good performance, LWORK should generally be larger; a query is recommended.
RWORKRWORK is REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LRWORK)) Let mx = max(M,N) and mn = min(M,N). If JOBZ = 'N', LRWORK >= 5*mn (LAPACK <= 3.6 needs 7*mn); else if mx >> mn, LRWORK >= 5*mn*mn + 5*mn; else LRWORK >= max( 5*mn*mn + 5*mn, 2*mx*mn + 2*mn*mn + mn ).
IWORKIWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (8*min(M,N))
INFOINFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. > 0: The updating process of SBDSDC did not converge.
Author:
-
Univ. of Tennessee
Univ. of California Berkeley
Univ. of Colorado Denver
NAG Ltd.
Date:
- June 2016
Contributors:
- Ming Gu and Huan Ren, Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, USA
subroutine cgesvd (character JOBU, character JOBVT, integer M, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, real, dimension( * ) S, complex, dimension( ldu, * ) U, integer LDU, complex, dimension( ldvt, * ) VT, integer LDVT, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer INFO)
CGESVD computes the singular value decomposition (SVD) for GE matrices
Purpose:
-
CGESVD computes the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a complex M-by-N matrix A, optionally computing the left and/or right singular vectors. The SVD is written A = U * SIGMA * conjugate-transpose(V) where SIGMA is an M-by-N matrix which is zero except for its min(m,n) diagonal elements, U is an M-by-M unitary matrix, and V is an N-by-N unitary matrix. The diagonal elements of SIGMA are the singular values of A; they are real and non-negative, and are returned in descending order. The first min(m,n) columns of U and V are the left and right singular vectors of A. Note that the routine returns V**H, not V.
Parameters:
-
JOBU
JOBU is CHARACTER*1 Specifies options for computing all or part of the matrix U: = 'A': all M columns of U are returned in array U: = 'S': the first min(m,n) columns of U (the left singular vectors) are returned in the array U; = 'O': the first min(m,n) columns of U (the left singular vectors) are overwritten on the array A; = 'N': no columns of U (no left singular vectors) are computed.
JOBVTJOBVT is CHARACTER*1 Specifies options for computing all or part of the matrix V**H: = 'A': all N rows of V**H are returned in the array VT; = 'S': the first min(m,n) rows of V**H (the right singular vectors) are returned in the array VT; = 'O': the first min(m,n) rows of V**H (the right singular vectors) are overwritten on the array A; = 'N': no rows of V**H (no right singular vectors) are computed. JOBVT and JOBU cannot both be 'O'.
MM is INTEGER The number of rows of the input matrix A. M >= 0.
NN is INTEGER The number of columns of the input matrix A. N >= 0.
AA is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix A. On exit, if JOBU = 'O', A is overwritten with the first min(m,n) columns of U (the left singular vectors, stored columnwise); if JOBVT = 'O', A is overwritten with the first min(m,n) rows of V**H (the right singular vectors, stored rowwise); if JOBU .ne. 'O' and JOBVT .ne. 'O', the contents of A are destroyed.
LDALDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M).
SS is REAL array, dimension (min(M,N)) The singular values of A, sorted so that S(i) >= S(i+1).
UU is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU,UCOL) (LDU,M) if JOBU = 'A' or (LDU,min(M,N)) if JOBU = 'S'. If JOBU = 'A', U contains the M-by-M unitary matrix U; if JOBU = 'S', U contains the first min(m,n) columns of U (the left singular vectors, stored columnwise); if JOBU = 'N' or 'O', U is not referenced.
LDULDU is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array U. LDU >= 1; if JOBU = 'S' or 'A', LDU >= M.
VTVT is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVT,N) If JOBVT = 'A', VT contains the N-by-N unitary matrix V**H; if JOBVT = 'S', VT contains the first min(m,n) rows of V**H (the right singular vectors, stored rowwise); if JOBVT = 'N' or 'O', VT is not referenced.
LDVTLDVT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VT. LDVT >= 1; if JOBVT = 'A', LDVT >= N; if JOBVT = 'S', LDVT >= min(M,N).
WORKWORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
LWORKLWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= MAX(1,2*MIN(M,N)+MAX(M,N)). For good performance, LWORK should generally be larger. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
RWORKRWORK is REAL array, dimension (5*min(M,N)) On exit, if INFO > 0, RWORK(1:MIN(M,N)-1) contains the unconverged superdiagonal elements of an upper bidiagonal matrix B whose diagonal is in S (not necessarily sorted). B satisfies A = U * B * VT, so it has the same singular values as A, and singular vectors related by U and VT.
INFOINFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit. < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. > 0: if CBDSQR did not converge, INFO specifies how many superdiagonals of an intermediate bidiagonal form B did not converge to zero. See the description of RWORK above for details.
Author:
-
Univ. of Tennessee
Univ. of California Berkeley
Univ. of Colorado Denver
NAG Ltd.
Date:
- April 2012
subroutine cgesvdx (character JOBU, character JOBVT, character RANGE, integer M, integer N, complex, dimension( lda, * ) A, integer LDA, real VL, real VU, integer IL, integer IU, integer NS, real, dimension( * ) S, complex, dimension( ldu, * ) U, integer LDU, complex, dimension( ldvt, * ) VT, integer LDVT, complex, dimension( * ) WORK, integer LWORK, real, dimension( * ) RWORK, integer, dimension( * ) IWORK, integer INFO)
CGESVDX computes the singular value decomposition (SVD) for GE matrices
Purpose:
-
CGESVDX computes the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a complex M-by-N matrix A, optionally computing the left and/or right singular vectors. The SVD is written A = U * SIGMA * transpose(V) where SIGMA is an M-by-N matrix which is zero except for its min(m,n) diagonal elements, U is an M-by-M unitary matrix, and V is an N-by-N unitary matrix. The diagonal elements of SIGMA are the singular values of A; they are real and non-negative, and are returned in descending order. The first min(m,n) columns of U and V are the left and right singular vectors of A. CGESVDX uses an eigenvalue problem for obtaining the SVD, which allows for the computation of a subset of singular values and vectors. See SBDSVDX for details. Note that the routine returns V**T, not V.
Parameters:
-
JOBU
JOBU is CHARACTER*1 Specifies options for computing all or part of the matrix U: = 'V': the first min(m,n) columns of U (the left singular vectors) or as specified by RANGE are returned in the array U; = 'N': no columns of U (no left singular vectors) are computed.
JOBVTJOBVT is CHARACTER*1 Specifies options for computing all or part of the matrix V**T: = 'V': the first min(m,n) rows of V**T (the right singular vectors) or as specified by RANGE are returned in the array VT; = 'N': no rows of V**T (no right singular vectors) are computed.
RANGERANGE is CHARACTER*1 = 'A': all singular values will be found. = 'V': all singular values in the half-open interval (VL,VU] will be found. = 'I': the IL-th through IU-th singular values will be found.
MM is INTEGER The number of rows of the input matrix A. M >= 0.
NN is INTEGER The number of columns of the input matrix A. N >= 0.
AA is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA,N) On entry, the M-by-N matrix A. On exit, the contents of A are destroyed.
LDALDA is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M).
VLVL is REAL If RANGE='V', the lower bound of the interval to be searched for singular values. VU > VL. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'I'.
VUVU is REAL If RANGE='V', the upper bound of the interval to be searched for singular values. VU > VL. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'I'.
ILIL is INTEGER If RANGE='I', the index of the smallest singular value to be returned. 1 <= IL <= IU <= min(M,N), if min(M,N) > 0. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'V'.
IUIU is INTEGER If RANGE='I', the index of the largest singular value to be returned. 1 <= IL <= IU <= min(M,N), if min(M,N) > 0. Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'V'.
NSNS is INTEGER The total number of singular values found, 0 <= NS <= min(M,N). If RANGE = 'A', NS = min(M,N); if RANGE = 'I', NS = IU-IL+1.
SS is REAL array, dimension (min(M,N)) The singular values of A, sorted so that S(i) >= S(i+1).
UU is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDU,UCOL) If JOBU = 'V', U contains columns of U (the left singular vectors, stored columnwise) as specified by RANGE; if JOBU = 'N', U is not referenced. Note: The user must ensure that UCOL >= NS; if RANGE = 'V', the exact value of NS is not known in advance and an upper bound must be used.
LDULDU is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array U. LDU >= 1; if JOBU = 'V', LDU >= M.
VTVT is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVT,N) If JOBVT = 'V', VT contains the rows of V**T (the right singular vectors, stored rowwise) as specified by RANGE; if JOBVT = 'N', VT is not referenced. Note: The user must ensure that LDVT >= NS; if RANGE = 'V', the exact value of NS is not known in advance and an upper bound must be used.
LDVTLDVT is INTEGER The leading dimension of the array VT. LDVT >= 1; if JOBVT = 'V', LDVT >= NS (see above).
WORKWORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK;
LWORKLWORK is INTEGER The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= MAX(1,MIN(M,N)*(MIN(M,N)+4)) for the paths (see comments inside the code): - PATH 1 (M much larger than N) - PATH 1t (N much larger than M) LWORK >= MAX(1,MIN(M,N)*2+MAX(M,N)) for the other paths. For good performance, LWORK should generally be larger. If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
RWORKRWORK is REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LRWORK)) LRWORK >= MIN(M,N)*(MIN(M,N)*2+15*MIN(M,N)).
IWORKIWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (12*MIN(M,N)) If INFO = 0, the first NS elements of IWORK are zero. If INFO > 0, then IWORK contains the indices of the eigenvectors that failed to converge in SBDSVDX/SSTEVX.
INFOINFO is INTEGER = 0: successful exit < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > 0: if INFO = i, then i eigenvectors failed to converge in SBDSVDX/SSTEVX. if INFO = N*2 + 1, an internal error occurred in SBDSVDX
Author:
-
Univ. of Tennessee
Univ. of California Berkeley
Univ. of Colorado Denver
NAG Ltd.
Date:
- June 2016
Author
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