VERSION

version 0.41

SYNOPSIS

my $email = Courriel->parse( text => ... );
my $headers = $email->headers;
print "$_\n" for $headers->get('Received');

DESCRIPTION

This class represents the headers of an email.

Any sub part of an email can have its own headers, so every part has an associated object representing its headers. This class makes no distinction between top-level headers and headers for a sub part.

Each individual header name/value pair is represented internally by a Courriel::Header object. Some headers have their own special subclass. These are:

• Content-Type

  This is stored as a Courriel::Header::ContentType object.

• Content-Disposition

  This is stored as a Courriel::Header::Disposition object.

API

This class supports the following methods:

Courriel::Headers->parse( ... )

This method creates a new object by parsing a string. It accepts the following parameters:

• text

  The text to parse. This can either be a plain scalar or a reference to a scalar. If you pass a reference, the underlying scalar may be modified.

Header parsing unfolds folded headers, and decodes any MIME-encoded values as described in RFC 2047. Parsing also decodes header attributes encoded as described in RFC 2231.

Courriel::Headers->new( headers => [ ... ] )

This method creates a new object. It accepts one parameter, "headers", which should be an array reference of header names and values.

A given header key can appear multiple times.

This object does not (yet, perhaps) enforce RFC restrictions on repetition of certain headers.

Header order is preserved, per RFC 5322.

$headers->get($name)

Given a header name, this returns a list of the Courriel::Header objects found for the header. Each occurrence of the header is returned as a separate object.

$headers->get_values($name)

Given a header name, this returns a list of the string values found for the header. Each occurrence of the header is returned as a separate string.

$headers->add( $name => $value )

Given a header name and value, this adds the headers to the object. If any of the headers already have values in the object, then new values are added after the existing values, rather than at the end of headers.

The value can be provided as a string or a Courriel::Header object.

$headers->unshift( $name => $value )

This is like "add()", but this pushes the headers onto the front of the internal headers array. This is useful if you are adding ``Received'' headers, which per RFC 5322, should always be added at the top of the headers.

The value can be provided as a string or a Courriel::Header object.

$headers->remove($name)

Given a header name, this removes all instances of that header from the object.

$headers->replace( $name => $value )

A shortcut for calling "remove()" and "add()".

The value can be provided as a string or a Courriel::Header object.

$headers->as_string( skip => ...., charset => ... )

This returns a string representing the headers in the object. The values will be folded and/or MIME-encoded as needed.

The "skip" parameter should be an array reference containing the name of headers that should be skipped. This parameter is optional, and the default is to include all headers.

The "charset" parameter specifies what character set to use for MIME-encoding non-ASCII values. This defaults to ``utf8''. The charset name must be one recognized by the Encode module.

MIME encoding is always done using the ``B'' (Base64) encoding, never the ``Q'' encoding.

$headers->stream_to( output => $output, skip => ...., charset => ... )

This method will send the stringified headers to the specified output.

See the "as_string()" method for documentation on the "skip" and "charset" parameters.

ROLES

This class does the "Courriel::Role::Streams" role.

AUTHOR

Dave Rolsky <[email protected]>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is Copyright (c) 2016 by Dave Rolsky.

This is free software, licensed under:

  The Artistic License 2.0 (GPL Compatible)