SYNOPSIS

dirmngr [options] command [args]

DESCRIPTION

Since version 2.1 of GnuPG, dirmngr takes care of accessing the OpenPGP keyservers. As with previous versions it is also used as a server for managing and downloading certificate revocation lists (CRLs) for X.509 certificates, downloading X.509 certificates, and providing access to OCSP providers. Dirmngr is invoked internally by gpg, gpgsm, or via the gpg-connect-agent tool.

For historical reasons it is also possible to start dirmngr in a system daemon mode which uses a different directory layout. However, this mode is deprecated and may eventually be removed.

COMMANDS

Commands are not distinguished from options except for the fact that only one command is allowed.

--version

Print the program version and licensing information. Note that you cannot abbreviate this command.

--help, -h

Print a usage message summarizing the most useful command-line options. Not that you cannot abbreviate this command.

--dump-options

Print a list of all available options and commands. Note that you cannot abbreviate this command.

--server

Run in server mode and wait for commands on the stdin. The default mode is to create a socket and listen for commands there. This is only used for testing.

--daemon

Run in background daemon mode and listen for commands on a socket. Note that this also changes the default home directory and enables the internal certificate validation code. This mode is deprecated.

--list-crls

List the contents of the CRL cache on stdout. This is probably only useful for debugging purposes.

--load-crl file

This command requires a filename as additional argument, and it will make Dirmngr try to import the CRL in file into it's cache. Note, that this is only possible if Dirmngr is able to retrieve the CA's certificate directly by its own means. In general it is better to use gpgsm's --call-dirmngr loadcrl filename command so that gpgsm can help dirmngr.

--fetch-crl url

This command requires an URL as additional argument, and it will make dirmngr try to retrieve an import the CRL from that url into it's cache. This is mainly useful for debugging purposes. The dirmngr-client provides the same feature for a running dirmngr.

--shutdown

This commands shuts down an running instance of Dirmngr. This command has currently no effect.

--flush

This command removes all CRLs from Dirmngr's cache. Client requests will thus trigger reading of fresh CRLs.

OPTIONS

--options file

Reads configuration from file instead of from the default per-user configuration file. The default configuration file is named 'dirmngr.conf' and expected in the home directory.

--homedir dir

Set the name of the home directory to dir. This option is only effective when used on the command line. The default depends on the running mode:

With --daemon given on the commandline

the directory named '/etc/gnupg' is used for configuration files and '/var/cache/gnupg' for cached CRLs.

Without --daemon given on the commandline

the directory named '.gnupg' directly below the home directory of the user unless the environment variable GNUPGHOME has been set in which case its value will be used. All kind of data is stored below this directory.

-v

--verbose

Outputs additional information while running. You can increase the verbosity by giving several verbose commands to dirmngr, such as -vv.

--log-file file

Append all logging output to file. This is very helpful in seeing what the agent actually does.

--debug-level level

Select the debug level for investigating problems. level may be a numeric value or by a keyword:

none

No debugging at all. A value of less than 1 may be used instead of the keyword.

basic

Some basic debug messages. A value between 1 and 2 may be used instead of the keyword.

advanced

More verbose debug messages. A value between 3 and 5 may be used instead of the keyword.

expert

Even more detailed messages. A value between 6 and 8 may be used instead of the keyword.

guru

All of the debug messages you can get. A value greater than 8 may be used instead of the keyword. The creation of hash tracing files is only enabled if the keyword is used.

How these messages are mapped to the actual debugging flags is not specified and may change with newer releases of this program. They are however carefully selected to best aid in debugging.

--debug flags

This option is only useful for debugging and the behaviour may change at any time without notice. FLAGS are bit encoded and may be given in usual C-Syntax.

--debug-all

Same as --debug=0xffffffff

--gnutls-debug level

Enable debugging of GNUTLS at level.

--debug-wait n

When running in server mode, wait n seconds before entering the actual processing loop and print the pid. This gives time to attach a debugger.

-s

--sh

-c

--csh

Format the info output in daemon mode for use with the standard Bourne shell respective the C-shell . The default ist to guess it based on the environment variable SHELL which is in almost all cases sufficient.

--force

Enabling this option forces loading of expired CRLs; this is only useful for debugging.

--use-tor

This option switches Dirmngr and thus GnuPG into ``Tor mode'' to route all network access via Tor (an anonymity network). WARNING: As of now this still leaks the DNS queries; e.g. to lookup the hosts in a keyserver pool. Certain other features are disabled if this mode is active.

--keyserver name

Use name as your keyserver. This is the server that gpg communicates with to receive keys, send keys, and search for keys. The format of the name is a URI: `scheme:[//]keyservername[:port]' The scheme is the type of keyserver: "hkp" for the HTTP (or compatible) keyservers, "ldap" for the LDAP keyservers, or "mailto" for the Graff email keyserver. Note that your particular installation of GnuPG may have other keyserver types available as well. Keyserver schemes are case-insensitive. After the keyserver name, optional keyserver configuration options may be provided. These are the same as the --keyserver-options of gpg, but apply only to this particular keyserver.

Most keyservers synchronize with each other, so there is generally no need to send keys to more than one server. The keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net uses round robin DNS to give a different keyserver each time you use it.

If exactly two keyservers are configured and only one is a Tor hidden service (.onion), Dirmngr selects the keyserver to use depending on whether Tor is locally running or not. The check for a running Tor is done for each new connection.

--nameserver ipaddr

In ``Tor mode'' Dirmngr uses a public resolver via Tor to resolve DNS names. If the default public resolver, which is 8.8.8.8, shall not be used a different one can be given using this option. Note that a numerical IP address must be given (IPv6 or IPv4) and that no error checking is done for ipaddr. DNS queries in Tor mode do only work if GnuPG as been build with ADNS support.

--disable-ldap

Entirely disables the use of LDAP.

--disable-http

Entirely disables the use of HTTP.

--ignore-http-dp

When looking for the location of a CRL, the to be tested certificate usually contains so called CRL Distribution Point (DP) entries which are URLs describing the way to access the CRL. The first found DP entry is used. With this option all entries using the HTTP scheme are ignored when looking for a suitable DP.

--ignore-ldap-dp

This is similar to --ignore-http-dp but ignores entries using the LDAP scheme. Both options may be combined resulting in ignoring DPs entirely.

--ignore-ocsp-service-url

Ignore all OCSP URLs contained in the certificate. The effect is to force the use of the default responder.

--honor-http-proxy

If the environment variable 'http_proxy' has been set, use its value to access HTTP servers.

--http-proxy host[:port]

Use host and port to access HTTP servers. The use of this option overrides the environment variable 'http_proxy' regardless whether --honor-http-proxy has been set.

--ldap-proxy host[:port]

Use host and port to connect to LDAP servers. If port is ommitted, port 389 (standard LDAP port) is used. This overrides any specified host and port part in a LDAP URL and will also be used if host and port have been ommitted from the URL.

--only-ldap-proxy

Never use anything else but the LDAP "proxy" as configured with --ldap-proxy. Usually dirmngr tries to use other configured LDAP server if the connection using the "proxy" failed.

--ldapserverlist-file file

Read the list of LDAP servers to consult for CRLs and certificates from file instead of the default per-user ldap server list file. The default value for file is 'dirmngr_ldapservers.conf' or 'ldapservers.conf' when running in --daemon mode.

This server list file contains one LDAP server per line in the format

hostname:port:username:password:base_dn

Lines starting with a '#' are comments.

Note that as usual all strings entered are expected to be UTF-8 encoded. Obviously this will lead to problems if the password has orginally been encoded as Latin-1. There is no other solution here than to put such a password in the binary encoding into the file (i.e. non-ascii characters won't show up readable). ([The gpgconf tool might be helpful for frontends as it allows to edit this configuration file using percent escaped strings.])

--ldaptimeout secs

Specify the number of seconds to wait for an LDAP query before timing out. The default is currently 100 seconds. 0 will never timeout.

--add-servers

This options makes dirmngr add any servers it discovers when validating certificates against CRLs to the internal list of servers to consult for certificates and CRLs.

This options is useful when trying to validate a certificate that has a CRL distribution point that points to a server that is not already listed in the ldapserverlist. Dirmngr will always go to this server and try to download the CRL, but chances are high that the certificate used to sign the CRL is located on the same server. So if dirmngr doesn't add that new server to list, it will often not be able to verify the signature of the CRL unless the --add-servers option is used.

Note: The current version of dirmngr has this option disabled by default.

--allow-ocsp

This option enables OCSP support if requested by the client.

OCSP requests are rejected by default because they may violate the privacy of the user; for example it is possible to track the time when a user is reading a mail.

--ocsp-responder url

Use url as the default OCSP Responder if the certificate does not contain information about an assigned responder. Note, that --ocsp-signer must also be set to a valid certificate.

--ocsp-signer fpr|file

Use the certificate with the fingerprint fpr to check the responses of the default OCSP Responder. Alternativly a filename can be given in which case the respinse is expected to be signed by one of the certificates described in that file. Any argument which contains a slash, dot or tilde is considered a filename. Usual filename expansion takes place: A tilde at the start followed by a slash is replaced by the content of 'HOME', no slash at start describes a relative filename which will be searched at the home directory. To make sure that the file is searched in the home directory, either prepend the name with "./" or use a name which contains a dot.

If a response has been signed by a certificate described by these fingerprints no further check upon the validity of this certificate is done.

The format of the FILE is a list of SHA-1 fingerprint, one per line with optional colons between the bytes. Empty lines and lines prefix with a hash mark are ignored.

--ocsp-max-clock-skew n

The number of seconds a skew between the OCSP responder and them local clock is accepted. Default is 600 (20 minutes).

--ocsp-max-period n

Seconds a response is at maximum considered valid after the time given in the thisUpdate field. Default is 7776000 (90 days).

--ocsp-current-period n

The number of seconds an OCSP response is considered valid after the time given in the NEXT_UPDATE datum. Default is 10800 (3 hours).

--max-replies n

Do not return more that n items in one query. The default is 10.

--ignore-cert-extension oid

Add oid to the list of ignored certificate extensions. The oid is expected to be in dotted decimal form, like 2.5.29.3. This option may be used more than once. Critical flagged certificate extensions matching one of the OIDs in the list are treated as if they are actually handled and thus the certificate won't be rejected due to an unknown critical extension. Use this option with care because extensions are usually flagged as critical for a reason.

--hkp-cacert file

Use the root certificates in file for verification of the TLS certificates used with hkps (keyserver access over TLS). If the file is in PEM format a suffix of .pem is expected for file. This option may be given multiple times to add more root certificates. Tilde expansion is supported.

EXAMPLES

Here is an example on how to show dirmngr's internal table of OpenPGP keyserver addresses. The output is intended for debugging purposes and not part of a defined API.

  gpg-connect-agent --dirmngr 'keyserver --hosttable' /bye

To inhibit the use of a particular host you have noticed in one of the keyserver pools, you may use

 gpg-connect-agent --dirmngr 'keyserver --dead pgpkeys.bnd.de' /bye

The description of the keyserver command can be printed using

 gpg-connect-agent --dirmngr 'help keyserver' /bye

FILES

Dirmngr makes use of several directories when running in daemon mode:

~/.gnupg

/etc/gnupg

The first is the standard home directory for all configuration files. In the deprecated system daemon mode the second directory is used instead.

/etc/gnupg/trusted-certs

This directory should be filled with certificates of Root CAs you are trusting in checking the CRLs and signing OCSP Reponses.

Usually these are the same certificates you use with the applications making use of dirmngr. It is expected that each of these certificate files contain exactly one DER encoded certificate in a file with the suffix '.crt' or '.der'. dirmngr reads those certificates on startup and when given a SIGHUP. Certificates which are not readable or do not make up a proper X.509 certificate are ignored; see the log file for details.

Applications using dirmngr (e.g. gpgsm) can request these certificates to complete a trust chain in the same way as with the extra-certs directory (see below).

Note that for OCSP responses the certificate specified using the option --ocsp-signer is always considered valid to sign OCSP requests.

/etc/gnupg/extra-certs

This directory may contain extra certificates which are preloaded into the interal cache on startup. Applications using dirmngr (e.g. gpgsm) can request cached certificates to complete a trust chain. This is convenient in cases you have a couple intermediate CA certificates or certificates ususally used to sign OCSP reponses. These certificates are first tried before going out to the net to look for them. These certificates must also be DER encoded and suffixed with '.crt' or '.der'.

/var/run/gnupg

This directory is only used in the deprecated system daemon mode. It keeps the socket file for accessing dirmngr services. The name of the socket file will be 'S.dirmngr'. Make sure that this directory has the proper permissions to let dirmngr create the socket file and that eligible users may read and write to that socket.

~/.gnupg/crls.d

/var/cache/gnupg/crls.d

The first directory is used to store cached CRLs. The 'crls.d' part will be created by dirmngr if it does not exists but you need to make sure that the upper directory exists. The second directory is used instead in the deprecated systems daemon mode.