man INSTALL (3): How to install and configure DBD::mysql

SYNOPSIS

perl Makefile.PL [options]
make
make test
make install

DESCRIPTION

This document describes the installation and configuration of DBD::mysql, the Perl DBI driver for the MySQL database. Before reading on, make sure that you have the prerequisites available: Perl, MySQL and DBI. For details see the separate section. ``PREREQUISITES''.

Depending on your version of Perl, it might be possible to use a binary distribution of DBD::mysql. If possible, this is recommended. Otherwise you need to install from the sources. If so, you will definitely need a C compiler. Installation from binaries and sources are both described in separate sections. ``BINARY INSTALLATION''. ``SOURCE INSTALLATION''.

Finally, if you encounter any problems, do not forget to read the section on known problems. ``KNOWN PROBLEMS''. If that doesn't help, you should look into the archive of the mailing list [email protected]. See http://www.mysql.com for archive locations. And if that still doesn't help, please post a question on this mailing list.

PREREQUISITES

Perl

Preferrably a version of Perl, that comes preconfigured with your system. For example, all Linux and FreeBSD distributions come with Perl. For Windows, ActivePerl is recommended, see http://www.activestate.com for details.

MySQL

You need not install the actual MySQL database server, the client files and the devlopment files are sufficient. For example, Fedora Core 4 Linux distribution comes with RPM files (using YUM) mysql.i386 and mysql-server.i386 (use ``yum search'' to find exact package names). These are sufficient, if the MySQL server is located on a foreign machine. You may also create client files by compiling from the MySQL source distribution and using

  configure --without-server

If you are using Windows and need to compile from sources (which is only the case if you are not using ActivePerl), then you must ensure that the header and library files are installed. This may require choosing a ``Custom installation'' and selecting the appropriate option when running the MySQL setup program.

DBI

DBD::mysql is a DBI driver, hence you need DBI. It is available from the same source where you got the DBD::mysql distribution from.

C compiler

A C compiler is only required, if you install from source. In most cases there are binary distributions of DBD::mysql available. However, if you need a C compiler, make sure, that it is the same C compiler that was used for compiling Perl and MySQL! Otherwise you will almost definitely encounter problems because of differences in the underlying C runtime libraries.

In the worst case, this might mean to compile Perl and MySQL yourself. But believe me, experience shows that a lot of problems are fixed this way.

Gzip libraries

Late versions of MySQL come with support for compression. Thus it may be required that you have install an RPM package like libz-devel, libgz-devel or something similar.

BINARY INSTALLATION

Binary installation is possible in the most cases, depending on your system. I give some examples:

Windows

ActivePerl offers a PPM archive of DBD::mysql. All you need to do is typing

  ppm
  install DBI
  install DBD-mysql

This will fetch the modules via HTTP and install them. If you need to use a WWW proxy server, the environment variable HTTP_proxy must be set:

  set HTTP_proxy=http://my.proxy.server:8000/
  ppm
  install DBI
  install DBD-mysql

Of course you need to replace the host name "my.proxy.server" and the port number 8000 with your local values.

If the above procedure doesn't work, please upgrade to the latest version of ActivePerl. Versions before build 623 are known to have problems.

PPM 3 is said to miss DBD::mysql in the repository. Thus use of PPM 3 is discouraged, in favour of PPM 2. If you need to use PPM 3, try

  ppm
  rep add PPM2 http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/5.6plus/
  rep 2
  install DBI
  install DBD-mysql

Red Hat Linux

As of version 7.1, Red Hat Linux comes with MySQL and DBD::mysql. You need to ensure that the following RPM's are installed:

  mysql
  perl-DBI
  perl-DBD-MySQL

For installation from source the following RPM's are required

  mysql-devel
  libz-devel

Optional are

  mysql-server

Fedora Core Linux

As of version 3, Fedora Linux comes with MySQL and DBD::mysql. You need to ensure that the following RPM's are installed:

  mysql or mysql-server
  perl-DBD-MySQL

For installation from source the following RPM's are required

  mysql-devel
  libz-devel

Please try

  yum search mysql

To see the exact names

Note: (important) FC 3 comes with MySQL 3.x, and some people have upgraded using MySQL RPMs for newer versions. If you do this, you must re-compile you DBD::mysql because your existing DBD::mysql will be linked against the old version of MySQL's client libs. CPAN has no way to know or detect that you have upgraded MySQL.

Other systems

In the case of Linux or FreeBSD distributions it is very likely that all you need comes with your distribution, as in the case of Red Hat Linux. I just cannot give you names, as I am not using these systems.

Please let me know if you find the files in your SuSE Linux, Debian Linux or FreeBSD distribution so that I can extend the above list.

SOURCE INSTALLATION

So you need to install from sources. If you are lucky, the Perl module "CPAN" will do all for you, thanks to the excellent work of Andreas Koenig. Otherwise you will need to do a manual installation. Some of you, in particular system administrators of multiple sites, will choose automatic installation. All of these installation types have an own section. ``CPAN installation''. ``Manual installation''. ``Configuration''.

The DBD::mysql Makefile.PL needs to know where to find your MySQL installation. This may be achieved using command line switches (see ``Configuration'') or automatically using the mysql_config binary which comes with most MySQL distributions. If your MySQL distribution contains mysql_config the easiest method is to ensure this binary is on your path.

e.g.

  PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
  export PATH

CPAN installation

Installation of DBD::mysql can be incredibly easy:

  cpan
  install DBD::mysql

If you are using the CPAN module for the first time, just answer the questions by accepting the defaults which are fine in most cases. If you are using an older version of Perl, you might instead need a

  perl -MCPAN -e shell
  install DBD::mysql

If you cannot get the CPAN module working, you might try manual installation. If installation with CPAN fails because the your local settings have been guessed wrong, you need to ensure MySQL's mysql_config is on your path (see ``SOURCE INSTALLATION'') or alternatively create a script called "mysql_config". This is described in more details later. ``Configuration''.

Manual installation

For a manual installation you need to fetch the DBD::mysql source distribution. The latest version is always available from

  http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/DBD/

The name is typically something like

  DBD-mysql-1.2216.tar.gz

The archive needs to be extracted. On Windows you may use a tool like WinZip, on Unix you type

  gzip -cd DBD-mysql-1.2216.tar.gz | tar xf -

This will create a subdirectory DBD-mysql-1.2216. Enter this subdirectory and type

  perl Makefile.PL
  make
  make test

(On Windows you may need to replace ``make'' with ``nmake'' or ``dmake''.) If the tests seem to look fine, you may continue with

  make install

If the compilation (make) or tests fail, you might need to configure some settings.

For example you might choose a different database, the C compiler or the linker might need some flags. ``Configuration''. ``Compiler flags''. ``Linker flags''.

For Windows/CygWin there is a special section below. ``CygWin'' in Windows.

Configuration

The install script ``Makefile.PL'' can be configured via a lot of switches. All switches can be used on the command line. For example, the test database:

  perl Makefile.PL --testdb=<db>

If you do not like configuring these switches on the command line, you may alternatively create a script called "mysql_config". This is described later on.

Available switches are:

testdb

Name of the test database, defaults to test.

testuser

Name of the test user, defaults to empty. If the name is empty, then the currently logged in users name will be used.

testpassword

Password of the test user, defaults to empty.

testhost

Host name or IP number of the test database; defaults to localhost.

testport

Port number of the test database

ps-protcol=1 or 0

Whether to run the test suite using server prepared statements or driver emulated prepared statemetns. ps-protocol=1 means use server prepare, ps-protocol=0 means driver emulated.

cflags

This is a list of flags that you want to give to the C compiler. The most important flag is the location of the MySQL header files. For example, on Red Hat Linux the header files are in /usr/include/mysql and you might try

  -I/usr/include/mysql

On Windows the header files may be in C:\mysql\include and you might try

  -IC:\mysql\include

The default flags are determined by running

  mysql_config --cflags

More details on the C compiler flags can be found in the following section. ``Compiler flags''.

libs

This is a list of flags that you want to give to the linker or loader. The most important flags are the locations and names of additional libraries. For example, on Red Hat Linux your MySQL client libraries are in /usr/lib/mysql and you might try

  -L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz

On Windows the libraries may be in C:\mysql\lib and

  -LC:\mysql\lib -lmysqlclient

might be a good choice. The default flags are determined by running

  mysql_config --libs

More details on the linker flags can be found in a separate section. ``Linker flags''.

If a switch is not present on the command line, then the script "mysql_config" will be executed. This script comes as part of the MySQL distribution. For example, to determine the C compiler flags, we are executing

  mysql_config --cflags
  mysql_config --libs

If you want to configure your own settings for database name, database user and so on, then you have to create a script with the same name, that replies

Compiler flags

Note: the folling info about compiler and linker flags, you shouldn't have to use these options because Makefile.PL is pretty good at utilising mysql_config to get the flags that you need for a successful compile.

It is typically not so difficult to determine the appropriate flags for the C compiler. The linker flags, which you find in the next section, are another story.

The determination of the C compiler flags is usually left to a configuration script called mysql_config, which can be invoked with

  mysql_config --cflags

When doing so, it will emit a line with suggested C compiler flags, for example like this:

  -L/usr/include/mysql

The C compiler must find some header files. Header files have the extension ".h". MySQL header files are, for example, mysql.h and mysql_version.h. In most cases the header files are not installed by default. For example, on Windows it is an installation option of the MySQL setup program (Custom installation), whether the header files are installed or not. On Red Hat Linux, you need to install an RPM archive mysql-devel or MySQL-devel.

If you know the location of the header files, then you will need to add an option

  -L<header directory>

to the C compiler flags, for example "-L/usr/include/mysql".

Linker flags

Appropriate linker flags are the most common source of problems while installing DBD::mysql. I will only give a rough overview, you'll find more details in the troubleshooting section. ``KNOWN PROBLEMS''

The determination of the C compiler flags is usually left to a configuration script called mysql_config, which can be invoked with

  mysql_config --libs

When doing so, it will emit a line with suggested C compiler flags, for example like this:

   -L'/usr/lib/mysql' -lmysqlclient -lnsl -lm   -lz -lcrypt

The following items typically need to be configured for the linker:

The mysqlclient library

The MySQL client library comes as part of the MySQL distribution. Depending on your system it may be a file called

  F<libmysqlclient.a>   statically linked library, Unix
  F<libmysqlclient.so>  dynamically linked library, Unix
  F<mysqlclient.lib>    statically linked library, Windows
  F<mysqlclient.dll>    dynamically linked library, Windows

or something similar.

As in the case of the header files, the client library is typically not installed by default. On Windows you will need to select them while running the MySQL setup program (Custom installation). On Red Hat Linux an RPM archive mysql-devel or MySQL-devel must be installed.

The linker needs to know the location and name of the mysqlclient library. This can be done by adding the flags

  -L<lib directory> -lmysqlclient

or by adding the complete path name. Examples:

  -L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient
  -LC:\mysql\lib -lmysqlclient

If you would like to use the static libraries (and there are excellent reasons to do so), you need to create a separate directory, copy the static libraries to that place and use the -L switch above to point to your new directory. For example:

  mkdir /tmp/mysql-static
  cp /usr/lib/mysql/*.a /tmp/mysql-static
  perl Makefile.PL --libs="-L/tmp/mysql-static -lmysqlclient"
  make
  make test
  make install
  rm -rf /tmp/mysql-static

The gzip library

The MySQL client can use compression when talking to the MySQL server, a nice feature when sending or receiving large texts over a slow network.

On Unix you typically find the appropriate file name by running

  ldconfig -p | grep libz
  ldconfig -p | grep libgz

Once you know the name (libz.a or libgz.a is best), just add it to the list of linker flags. If this seems to be causing problem you may also try to link without gzip libraries.

SPECIAL SYSTEMS

Below you find information on particular systems:

Windows/CygWin

If you are a user of Cygwin (the Redhat distribution) you already know, it contains a nicely running perl 5.6.1, installation of additional modules usually works as a charme via the standard procedure of

    perl makefile.PL
    make
    make test
    make install

The Windows binary distribution of MySQL runs smoothly under Cygwin. You can start/stop the server and use all Windows clients without problem. But to install DBD::mysql you have to take a little special action.

Don't attempt to build DBD::mysql against either the MySQL Windows or Linux/Unix BINARY distributions: neither will work!

You MUST compile the MySQL clients yourself under Cygwin, to get a 'libmysqlclient.a' compiled under Cygwin. Really! You'll only need that library and the header files, you don't need any other client parts. Continue to use the Windows binaries. And don't attempt (currently) to build the MySQL Server part, it is unneccessary, as MySQL AB does an excellent job to deliver optimized binaries for the mainstream operating systems, and it is told, that the server compiled under Cygwin is unstable.

Install MySQL (if you havn't already)

-: download the MySQL Windows Binaries from http://www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html
-: unzip mysql-<version>-win.zip into some temporary location
-: start the setup.exe there and follow the instructions
-: start the server
-: alternatively download, install and start the server on a remote server, on what supported OS ever

Build MySQL clients under Cygwin:

-

download the MySQL LINUX source from http://www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html

-

unpack mysql-<version>.tar.gz into some tmp location

-

cd into the unpacked dir mysql-<version>

  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --without-server

This prepares the Makefile with the installed Cygwin features. It takes some time, but should finish without error. The 'prefix', as given, installs the whole Cygwin/MySQL thingy into a location not normally in your PATH, so that you continue to use already installed Windows binaries. The --without-server parameter tells configure to only build the clients.

-

  make

This builds all MySQL client parts ... be patient. It should finish finally without any error.

-

  make install

This installs the compiled client files under /usr/local/mysql/. Remember, you don't need anything except the library under /usr/local/mysql/lib and the headers under /usr/local/mysql/include!

Essentially you are now done with this part. If you want, you may try your compiled binaries shortly; for that, do:

-

  cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
  ./mysql -h 127.0.0.1

The host (-h) parameter 127.0.0.1 targets the local host, but forces the mysql client to use a TCP/IP connection. The default would be a pipe/socket connection (even if you say '-h localhost') and this doesn't work between Cygwin and Windows (as far as I know).

If you have your MySQL server running on some other box, then please substitute '127.0.0.1' with the name or IP-number of that box.

Please note, in my environment the 'mysql' client did not accept a simple RETURN, I had to use CTRL-RETURN to send commands ... strange, but I didn't attempt to fix that, as we are only interested in the built lib and headers.

At the 'mysql>' prompt do a quick check:

  mysql> use mysql
  mysql> show tables;
  mysql> select * from db;
  mysql> exit

You are now ready to build DBD::mysql!

Build DBD::mysql:

-

download DBD-mysql-<version>.tar.gz from CPAN

-

unpack DBD-mysql-<version>.tar.gz

-

cd into unpacked dir DBD-mysql-<version> you probably did that already, if you are reading this!

-

  cp /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config .

This copies the executable script mentioned in the DBD::mysql docs from your just built Cywin/MySQL client directory; it knows about your Cygwin installation, especially about the right libraries to link with.

-

  perl Makefile.PL --testhost=127.0.0.1

The --testhost=127.0.0.1 parameter again forces a TCP/IP connection to the MySQL server on the local host instead of a pipe/socket connection for the 'make test' phase.

-

  make

This should run without error

-

  make test

with DBD-mysql-2.1022 or earlier you will see several errors in dbdadmin.t, mysql.t and mysql2.t; with later versions you should not get errors (except possibly one, indicating, that some tables could not be dropped. I'm hunting for a solution to that problem, but have none yet).

-

  make install

This installs DBD::mysql into the Perl hierarchy.

Notes:

This was tested with MySQL version 3.23.54a and DBD::mysql version 2.1022. I patched the above mentioned test scripts and sent the patches to the author of DBD::mysql Jochen Wiedman.

Georg Rehfeld 15. Jan. 2003

KNOWN PROBLEMS

1.)

Some Linux distributions don't come with a gzip library by default. Running ``make'' terminates with an error message like

  LD_RUN_PATH="/usr/lib/mysql:/lib:/usr/lib" gcc
    -o blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so  -shared
    -L/usr/local/lib dbdimp.o mysql.o -L/usr/lib/mysql
    -lmysqlclient -lm -L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/2.96
    -lgcc -lz 
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lz
  collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
  make: *** [blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so] Error 1

If this is the case for you, install an RPM archive like libz-devel, libgz-devel, zlib-devel or gzlib-devel or something similar.

2.)

If Perl was compiled with gcc or egcs, but MySQL was compiled with another compiler or on another system, an error message like this is very likely when running ``Make test'':

  t/00base............install_driver(mysql) failed: Can't load
  '../blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so' for module DBD::mysql:
  ../blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so: undefined symbol: _umoddi3
  at /usr/local/perl-5.005/lib/5.005/i586-linux-thread/DynaLoader.pm
  line 168.

This means, that your linker doesn't include libgcc.a. You have the following options:

The solution is telling the linker to use libgcc. Run

  gcc --print-libgcc-file

to determine the exact location of libgcc.a or for older versions of gcc

  gcc -v

to determine the directory. If you know the directory, add a

  -L<directory> -lgcc

to the list of C compiler flags. ``Configuration''. ``Linker flags''.

3.)

There are known problems with shared versions of libmysqlclient, at least on some Linux boxes. If you receive an error message similar to

  install_driver(mysql) failed: Can't load
  '/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/i586-linux/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so'
  for module DBD::mysql: File not found at
  /usr/lib/perl5/i586-linux/5.00404/DynaLoader.pm line 166

then this error message can be misleading: It's not mysql.so that fails being loaded, but libmysqlclient.so! The usual problem is that this file is located in a directory like

  /usr/lib/mysql

where the linker doesn't look for it.

The best workaround is using a statically linked mysqlclient library, for example

  /usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.a

The use of a statically linked library is described in the previous section on linker flags. ``Configuration''. ``Linker flags''.

4.)

Red Hat 8 & 9 set the Default locale to UTF which causes problems with MakeMaker. To build DBD::mysql on these systems, do a 'unset LANG' before runing 'perl Makefile.PL'

SUPPORT

Finally, if everything else fails, you are not alone. First of all, for an immediate answer, you should look into the archives of the mailing list [email protected]. See http://www.mysql.com for archive locations.

If you don't find an appropriate posting and reply in the mailing list, please post a question. Typically a reply will be seen within one or two days.

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

PREREQUISITES

BINARY INSTALLATION

Windows

Red Hat Linux

Fedora Core Linux

Other systems

SOURCE INSTALLATION

CPAN installation

Manual installation

Configuration

Compiler flags

Linker flags

SPECIAL SYSTEMS

Windows/CygWin

KNOWN PROBLEMS

SUPPORT

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