SYNOPSIS

cpu I586_CPU cpu I686_CPU options PERFMON

DESCRIPTION

The driver provides access to the internal performance-monitoring capabilities of the Intel Pentium and Pentium Pro CPUs. These processors implement two internal counters which can be configured to measure a variety of events for either count or duration (in CPU cycles), as well as a cycle counter which counts clock cycles. The driver provides a device-style interface to these capabilities.

All access to the performance-monitoring counters is performed through the special device file ``/dev/perfmon '' This device supports a number of ioctl(2) requests, defined in In machine/perfmon.h along with the definitions of the various counters for both Pentium and Pentium Pro processors.

NOTA BENE The set of available events differs from processor to processor. It is the responsibility of the programmer to ensure that the event numbers used are the correct ones for the CPU type being measured.

The following ioctl(2) requests are defined:

PMIOSETUP

(struct pmc ) Set up a counter with parameters and flags defined in the structure. The following fields are defined in struct pmc

int pmc_num

the number of the counter in question; must be less than NPMC (currently 2).

u_char pmc_event

the particular event number to be monitored, as defined in In machine/perfmon.h .

u_char pmc_unit

the unit mask value, specific to the event type (see the Intel documentation).

u_char pmc_flags

flags modifying the operation of the counter (see below).

u_char pmc_mask

the counter mask value; essentially, this is a threshold used to restrict the count to events lasting more (or less) than the specified number of clocks.

The following pmc_flags values are defined:

PMCF_USR

count events in user mode

PMCF_OS

count events in kernel mode

PMCF_E

count number of events rather than their duration

PMCF_INV

invert the sense of the counter mask comparison

PMIOGET

(struct pmc ) returns the current configuration of the specified counter.

PMIOSTART

PMIOSTOP

(int ) starts (stops) the specified counter. Due to hardware deficiencies, counters must be started and stopped in numerical order. (That is to say, counter 0 can never be stopped without first stopping counter 1.) The driver will not enforce this restriction (since it may not be present in future CPUs).

PMIORESET

(int ) reset the specified counter to zero. The counter should be stopped with PMIOSTOP before it is reset. All counters are automatically reset by PMIOSETUP

PMIOREAD

(struct pmc_data ) get the current value of the counter. The pmc_data structure defines two fields:

int pmcd_num

the number of the counter to read

quad_t pmcd_value

the resulting value as a 64-bit signed integer

In the future, it may be possible to use the RDPMC instruction on Pentium Pro processors to read the counters directly.

PMIOTSTAMP

(struct pmc_tstamp ) read the time stamp counter. The pmc_tstamp structure defines two fields:

int pmct_rate

the approximate rate of the counter, in MHz

quad_t pmct_value

the current value of the counter as a 64-bit integer

It is important to note that the counter rate, as provided in the pmct_rate field, is often incorrect because of calibration difficulties and non-integral clock rates. This field should be considered more of a hint or sanity-check than an actual representation of the rate of clock ticks.

FILES

/dev/perfmon

character device interface to counters

/usr/include/machine/perfmon.h

include file with definitions of structures and event types

/usr/share/examples/perfmon

sample source code demonstrating use of all the Fn ioctl commands

HISTORY

The device first appeared in Fx 2.2 .

AUTHORS

The driver was written by An Garrett A. Wollman , MIT Laboratory for Computer Science.