man POSIX (3): Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

SYNOPSIS

use POSIX ();
use POSIX qw(setsid);
use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
$sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
$fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);
# note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle

DESCRIPTION

The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish interfaces.

This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on most features. Consult perlfunc for functions which are noted as being identical to Perl's builtin functions.

The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification. The second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects, and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993.

CAVEATS

Everything is exported by default (with a handful of exceptions). This is an unfortunate backwards compatibility feature and its use is strongly discouraged. You should either prevent the exporting (by saying "use POSIX ();", as usual) and then use fully qualified names (e.g. "POSIX::SEEK_END"), or give an explicit import list. If you do neither and opt for the default (as in "use POSIX;"), you will import hundreds and hundreds of symbols into your namespace.

A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent, should one exist. For example, trying to access the "setjmp()" call will elicit the message ""setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead"".

Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test Suites). For example, one vendor may not define "EDEADLK", or the semantics of the errno values set by open(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can currently successfully say ``use POSIX'', and then later in your program you find that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable "ICANON" macro after all. This could be construed to be a bug.

FUNCTIONS

"_exit"

This is identical to the C function "_exit()". It exits the program immediately which means among other things buffered I/O is not flushed.

Note that when using threads and in Linux this is not a good way to exit a thread because in Linux processes and threads are kind of the same thing (Note: while this is the situation in early 2003 there are projects under way to have threads with more POSIXly semantics in Linux). If you want not to return from a thread, detach the thread.

"abort"

This is identical to the C function "abort()". It terminates the process with a "SIGABRT" signal unless caught by a signal handler or if the handler does not return normally (it e.g. does a "longjmp").

"abs"

This is identical to Perl's builtin "abs()" function, returning the absolute value of its numerical argument.

"access"

Determines the accessibility of a file.

        if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
                print "have read permission\n";
        }

Returns "undef" on failure. Note: do not use "access()" for security purposes. Between the "access()" call and the operation you are preparing for the permissions might change: a classic race condition.

"acos"

This is identical to the C function "acos()", returning the arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.

"acosh"

This is identical to the C function "acosh()", returning the hyperbolic arcus cosine of its numerical argument [C99]. See also Math::Trig.

"alarm"

This is identical to Perl's builtin "alarm()" function, either for arming or disarming the "SIGARLM" timer.

"asctime"

This is identical to the C function "asctime()". It returns a string of the form

        "Fri Jun  2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"

and it is called thusly

        $asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon,
                           $year, $wday, $yday, $isdst);

The $mon is zero-based: January equals 0. The $year is 1900-based: 2001 equals 101. $wday and $yday default to zero (and are usually ignored anyway), and $isdst defaults to -1.

"asin"

This is identical to the C function "asin()", returning the arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.

"asinh"

This is identical to the C function "asinh()", returning the hyperbolic arcus sine of its numerical argument [C99]. See also Math::Trig.

"assert"

Unimplemented, but you can use ``die'' in perlfunc and the Carp module to achieve similar things.

"atan"

This is identical to the C function "atan()", returning the arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.

"atanh"

This is identical to the C function "atanh()", returning the hyperbolic arcus tangent of its numerical argument [C99]. See also Math::Trig.

"atan2"

This is identical to Perl's builtin "atan2()" function, returning the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical arguments, the y coordinate and the x coordinate. See also Math::Trig.

"atexit"

Not implemented. "atexit()" is C-specific: use "END {}" instead, see perlmod.

"atof"

Not implemented. "atof()" is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.

"atoi"

Not implemented. "atoi()" is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. If you need to have just the integer part, see ``int'' in perlfunc.

"atol"

Not implemented. "atol()" is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. If you need to have just the integer part, see ``int'' in perlfunc.

"bsearch"

"bsearch()" not supplied. For doing binary search on wordlists, see Search::Dict.

"calloc"

Not implemented. "calloc()" is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.

"cbrt"

The cube root [C99].

"ceil"

This is identical to the C function "ceil()", returning the smallest integer value greater than or equal to the given numerical argument.

"chdir"

This is identical to Perl's builtin "chdir()" function, allowing one to change the working (default) directory, see ``chdir'' in perlfunc.

"chmod"

This is identical to Perl's builtin "chmod()" function, allowing one to change file and directory permissions, see ``chmod'' in perlfunc.

"chown"

This is identical to Perl's builtin "chown()" function, allowing one to change file and directory owners and groups, see ``chown'' in perlfunc.

"clearerr"

Not implemented. Use the method "IO::Handle::clearerr()" instead, to reset the error state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the given stream.

"clock"

This is identical to the C function "clock()", returning the amount of spent processor time in microseconds.

"close"

Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open".

        $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
        POSIX::close( $fd );

Returns "undef" on failure.

CLASSES

POSIX::SigAction

"new"

Creates a new "POSIX::SigAction" object which corresponds to the C "struct sigaction". This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. The first parameter is the handler, a sub reference. The second parameter is a "POSIX::SigSet" object, it defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains the "sa_flags", it defaults to 0.

        $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
        $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new(
                        \&handler, $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP
                     );

This "POSIX::SigAction" object is intended for use with the "POSIX::sigaction()" function.

"handler"

"mask"

"flags"

accessor functions to get/set the values of a SigAction object.

        $sigset = $sigaction->mask;
        $sigaction->flags(&POSIX::SA_RESTART);

"safe"

accessor function for the ``safe signals'' flag of a SigAction object; see perlipc for general information on safe (a.k.a. ``deferred'') signals. If you wish to handle a signal safely, use this accessor to set the ``safe'' flag in the "POSIX::SigAction" object:

        $sigaction->safe(1);

You may also examine the ``safe'' flag on the output action object which is filled in when given as the third parameter to "POSIX::sigaction()":

        sigaction(SIGINT, $new_action, $old_action);
        if ($old_action->safe) {
            # previous SIGINT handler used safe signals
        }

POSIX::SigRt

%SIGRT

A hash of the POSIX realtime signal handlers. It is an extension of the standard %SIG, the $POSIX::SIGRT{SIGRTMIN} is roughly equivalent to $SIG{SIGRTMIN}, but the right POSIX moves (see below) are made with the "POSIX::SigSet" and "POSIX::sigaction" instead of accessing the %SIG.

You can set the %POSIX::SIGRT elements to set the POSIX realtime signal handlers, use "delete" and "exists" on the elements, and use "scalar" on the %POSIX::SIGRT to find out how many POSIX realtime signals there are available "(SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1", the "SIGRTMAX" is a valid POSIX realtime signal).

Setting the %SIGRT elements is equivalent to calling this:

  sub new {
    my ($rtsig, $handler, $flags) = @_;
    my $sigset = POSIX::SigSet($rtsig);
    my $sigact = POSIX::SigAction->new($handler,$sigset,$flags);
    sigaction($rtsig, $sigact);
  }

The flags default to zero, if you want something different you can either use "local" on $POSIX::SigRt::SIGACTION_FLAGS, or you can derive from POSIX::SigRt and define your own "new()" (the tied hash STORE method of the %SIGRT calls "new($rtsig, $handler, $SIGACTION_FLAGS)", where the $rtsig ranges from zero to "SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1)".

Just as with any signal, you can use "sigaction($rtsig, undef, $oa)" to retrieve the installed signal handler (or, rather, the signal action).

NOTE: whether POSIX realtime signals really work in your system, or whether Perl has been compiled so that it works with them, is outside of this discussion.

"SIGRTMIN"

Return the minimum POSIX realtime signal number available, or "undef" if no POSIX realtime signals are available.

"SIGRTMAX"

Return the maximum POSIX realtime signal number available, or "undef" if no POSIX realtime signals are available.

POSIX::SigSet

"new"

Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the set.

Create an empty set.

        $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;

Create a set with "SIGUSR1".

        $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );

"addset"

Add a signal to a SigSet object.

        $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

"delset"

Remove a signal from the SigSet object.

        $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

"emptyset"

Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.

        $sigset->emptyset();

Returns "undef" on failure.

"fillset"

Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.

        $sigset->fillset();

Returns "undef" on failure.

"ismember"

Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal.

        if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
                print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
        }

POSIX::Termios

"new"

Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the "termios" C struct. "new()" mallocs a new one, "getattr()" fills it from a file descriptor, and "setattr()" sets a file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents.

        $termios = POSIX::Termios->new;

"getattr"

Get terminal control attributes.

Obtain the attributes for "stdin".

        $termios->getattr( 0 ) # Recommended for clarity.
        $termios->getattr()

Obtain the attributes for stdout.

        $termios->getattr( 1 )

Returns "undef" on failure.

"getcc"

Retrieve a value from the "c_cc" field of a "termios" object. The "c_cc" field is an array so an index must be specified.

        $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);

"getcflag"

Retrieve the "c_cflag" field of a "termios" object.

        $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;

"getiflag"

Retrieve the "c_iflag" field of a "termios" object.

        $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;

"getispeed"

Retrieve the input baud rate.

        $ispeed = $termios->getispeed;

"getlflag"

Retrieve the "c_lflag" field of a "termios" object.

        $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;

"getoflag"

Retrieve the "c_oflag" field of a "termios" object.

        $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;

"getospeed"

Retrieve the output baud rate.

        $ospeed = $termios->getospeed;

"setattr"

Set terminal control attributes.

Set attributes immediately for stdout.

        $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );

Returns "undef" on failure.

"setcc"

Set a value in the "c_cc" field of a "termios" object. The "c_cc" field is an array so an index must be specified.

        $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );

"setcflag"

Set the "c_cflag" field of a "termios" object.

        $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );

"setiflag"

Set the "c_iflag" field of a "termios" object.

        $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );

"setispeed"

Set the input baud rate.

        $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

"setlflag"

Set the "c_lflag" field of a "termios" object.

        $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );

"setoflag"

Set the "c_oflag" field of a "termios" object.

        $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );

"setospeed"

Set the output baud rate.

        $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

Baud rate values

"B38400" "B75" "B200" "B134" "B300" "B1800" "B150" "B0" "B19200" "B1200" "B9600" "B600" "B4800" "B50" "B2400" "B110"

Terminal interface values

"TCSADRAIN" "TCSANOW" "TCOON" "TCIOFLUSH" "TCOFLUSH" "TCION" "TCIFLUSH" "TCSAFLUSH" "TCIOFF" "TCOOFF"

"c_cc" field values

"VEOF" "VEOL" "VERASE" "VINTR" "VKILL" "VQUIT" "VSUSP" "VSTART" "VSTOP" "VMIN" "VTIME" "NCCS"

"c_cflag" field values

"CLOCAL" "CREAD" "CSIZE" "CS5" "CS6" "CS7" "CS8" "CSTOPB" "HUPCL" "PARENB" "PARODD"

"c_iflag" field values

"BRKINT" "ICRNL" "IGNBRK" "IGNCR" "IGNPAR" "INLCR" "INPCK" "ISTRIP" "IXOFF" "IXON" "PARMRK"

"c_lflag" field values

"ECHO" "ECHOE" "ECHOK" "ECHONL" "ICANON" "IEXTEN" "ISIG" "NOFLSH" "TOSTOP"

"c_oflag" field values

"OPOST"

PATHNAME CONSTANTS

Constants: "_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED" "_PC_LINK_MAX" "_PC_MAX_CANON" "_PC_MAX_INPUT" "_PC_NAME_MAX" "_PC_NO_TRUNC" "_PC_PATH_MAX" "_PC_PIPE_BUF" "_PC_VDISABLE"

POSIX CONSTANTS

Constants: "_POSIX_ARG_MAX" "_POSIX_CHILD_MAX" "_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED" "_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL" "_POSIX_LINK_MAX" "_POSIX_MAX_CANON" "_POSIX_MAX_INPUT" "_POSIX_NAME_MAX" "_POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX" "_POSIX_NO_TRUNC" "_POSIX_OPEN_MAX" "_POSIX_PATH_MAX" "_POSIX_PIPE_BUF" "_POSIX_SAVED_IDS" "_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX" "_POSIX_STREAM_MAX" "_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX" "_POSIX_VDISABLE" "_POSIX_VERSION"

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Constants: "_SC_ARG_MAX" "_SC_CHILD_MAX" "_SC_CLK_TCK" "_SC_JOB_CONTROL" "_SC_NGROUPS_MAX" "_SC_OPEN_MAX" "_SC_PAGESIZE" "_SC_SAVED_IDS" "_SC_STREAM_MAX" "_SC_TZNAME_MAX" "_SC_VERSION"

ERRNO

Constants: "E2BIG" "EACCES" "EADDRINUSE" "EADDRNOTAVAIL" "EAFNOSUPPORT" "EAGAIN" "EALREADY" "EBADF" "EBADMSG" "EBUSY" "ECANCELED" "ECHILD" "ECONNABORTED" "ECONNREFUSED" "ECONNRESET" "EDEADLK" "EDESTADDRREQ" "EDOM" "EDQUOT" "EEXIST" "EFAULT" "EFBIG" "EHOSTDOWN" "EHOSTUNREACH" "EIDRM" "EILSEQ" "EINPROGRESS" "EINTR" "EINVAL" "EIO" "EISCONN" "EISDIR" "ELOOP" "EMFILE" "EMLINK" "EMSGSIZE" "ENAMETOOLONG" "ENETDOWN" "ENETRESET" "ENETUNREACH" "ENFILE" "ENOBUFS" "ENODATA" "ENODEV" "ENOENT" "ENOEXEC" "ENOLCK" "ENOLINK" "ENOMEM" "ENOMSG" "ENOPROTOOPT" "ENOSPC" "ENOSR" "ENOSTR" "ENOSYS" "ENOTBLK" "ENOTCONN" "ENOTDIR" "ENOTEMPTY" "ENOTRECOVERABLE" "ENOTSOCK" "ENOTSUP" "ENOTTY" "ENXIO" "EOPNOTSUPP" "EOTHER" "EOVERFLOW" "EOWNERDEAD" "EPERM" "EPFNOSUPPORT" "EPIPE" "EPROCLIM" "EPROTO" "EPROTONOSUPPORT" "EPROTOTYPE" "ERANGE" "EREMOTE" "ERESTART" "EROFS" "ESHUTDOWN" "ESOCKTNOSUPPORT" "ESPIPE" "ESRCH" "ESTALE" "ETIME" "ETIMEDOUT" "ETOOMANYREFS" "ETXTBSY" "EUSERS" "EWOULDBLOCK" "EXDEV"

FCNTL

Constants: "FD_CLOEXEC" "F_DUPFD" "F_GETFD" "F_GETFL" "F_GETLK" "F_OK" "F_RDLCK" "F_SETFD" "F_SETFL" "F_SETLK" "F_SETLKW" "F_UNLCK" "F_WRLCK" "O_ACCMODE" "O_APPEND" "O_CREAT" "O_EXCL" "O_NOCTTY" "O_NONBLOCK" "O_RDONLY" "O_RDWR" "O_TRUNC" "O_WRONLY"

FLOAT

Constants: "DBL_DIG" "DBL_EPSILON" "DBL_MANT_DIG" "DBL_MAX" "DBL_MAX_10_EXP" "DBL_MAX_EXP" "DBL_MIN" "DBL_MIN_10_EXP" "DBL_MIN_EXP" "FLT_DIG" "FLT_EPSILON" "FLT_MANT_DIG" "FLT_MAX" "FLT_MAX_10_EXP" "FLT_MAX_EXP" "FLT_MIN" "FLT_MIN_10_EXP" "FLT_MIN_EXP" "FLT_RADIX" "FLT_ROUNDS" "LDBL_DIG" "LDBL_EPSILON" "LDBL_MANT_DIG" "LDBL_MAX" "LDBL_MAX_10_EXP" "LDBL_MAX_EXP" "LDBL_MIN" "LDBL_MIN_10_EXP" "LDBL_MIN_EXP"

FLOATING-POINT ENVIRONMENT

Constants: "FE_DOWNWARD" "FE_TONEAREST" "FE_TOWARDZERO" "FE_UPWARD" on systems that support them.

LIMITS

Constants: "ARG_MAX" "CHAR_BIT" "CHAR_MAX" "CHAR_MIN" "CHILD_MAX" "INT_MAX" "INT_MIN" "LINK_MAX" "LONG_MAX" "LONG_MIN" "MAX_CANON" "MAX_INPUT" "MB_LEN_MAX" "NAME_MAX" "NGROUPS_MAX" "OPEN_MAX" "PATH_MAX" "PIPE_BUF" "SCHAR_MAX" "SCHAR_MIN" "SHRT_MAX" "SHRT_MIN" "SSIZE_MAX" "STREAM_MAX" "TZNAME_MAX" "UCHAR_MAX" "UINT_MAX" "ULONG_MAX" "USHRT_MAX"

LOCALE

Constants: "LC_ALL" "LC_COLLATE" "LC_CTYPE" "LC_MONETARY" "LC_NUMERIC" "LC_TIME" "LC_MESSAGES" on systems that support them.

MATH

Constants: "HUGE_VAL"
"FP_ILOGB0" "FP_ILOGBNAN" "FP_INFINITE" "FP_NAN" "FP_NORMAL" "FP_SUBNORMAL" "FP_ZERO" "INFINITY" "NAN" "Inf" "NaN" "M_1_PI" "M_2_PI" "M_2_SQRTPI" "M_E" "M_LN10" "M_LN2" "M_LOG10E" "M_LOG2E" "M_PI" "M_PI_2" "M_PI_4" "M_SQRT1_2" "M_SQRT2" on systems with C99 support.

SIGNAL

Constants: "SA_NOCLDSTOP" "SA_NOCLDWAIT" "SA_NODEFER" "SA_ONSTACK" "SA_RESETHAND" "SA_RESTART" "SA_SIGINFO" "SIGABRT" "SIGALRM" "SIGCHLD" "SIGCONT" "SIGFPE" "SIGHUP" "SIGILL" "SIGINT" "SIGKILL" "SIGPIPE" "SIGQUIT" "SIGSEGV" "SIGSTOP" "SIGTERM" "SIGTSTP" "SIGTTIN" "SIGTTOU" "SIGUSR1" "SIGUSR2" "SIG_BLOCK" "SIG_DFL" "SIG_ERR" "SIG_IGN" "SIG_SETMASK" "SIG_UNBLOCK"

STAT

Constants: "S_IRGRP" "S_IROTH" "S_IRUSR" "S_IRWXG" "S_IRWXO" "S_IRWXU" "S_ISGID" "S_ISUID" "S_IWGRP" "S_IWOTH" "S_IWUSR" "S_IXGRP" "S_IXOTH" "S_IXUSR"
Macros: "S_ISBLK" "S_ISCHR" "S_ISDIR" "S_ISFIFO" "S_ISREG"

STDLIB

Constants: "EXIT_FAILURE" "EXIT_SUCCESS" "MB_CUR_MAX" "RAND_MAX"

STDIO

Constants: "BUFSIZ" "EOF" "FILENAME_MAX" "L_ctermid" "L_cuserid" "L_tmpname" "TMP_MAX"

TIME

Constants: "CLK_TCK" "CLOCKS_PER_SEC"

UNISTD

Constants: "R_OK" "SEEK_CUR" "SEEK_END" "SEEK_SET" "STDIN_FILENO" "STDOUT_FILENO" "STDERR_FILENO" "W_OK" "X_OK"

WAIT

Constants

"WNOHANG" "WUNTRACED"

"WNOHANG": Do not suspend the calling process until a child process changes state but instead return immediately.
"WUNTRACED": Catch stopped child processes.

Macros

"WIFEXITED" "WEXITSTATUS" "WIFSIGNALED" "WTERMSIG" "WIFSTOPPED" "WSTOPSIG"

"WIFEXITED": "WIFEXITED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns true if the child process exited normally ("exit()" or by falling off the end of "main()")
"WEXITSTATUS": "WEXITSTATUS(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns the normal exit status of the child process (only meaningful if "WIFEXITED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" is true)
"WIFSIGNALED": "WIFSIGNALED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns true if the child process terminated because of a signal
"WTERMSIG": "WTERMSIG(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns the signal the child process terminated for (only meaningful if "WIFSIGNALED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" is true)
"WIFSTOPPED": "WIFSTOPPED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns true if the child process is currently stopped (can happen only if you specified the WUNTRACED flag to "waitpid()")
"WSTOPSIG": "WSTOPSIG(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" returns the signal the child process was stopped for (only meaningful if "WIFSTOPPED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE})" is true)

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CAVEATS

FUNCTIONS

CLASSES

POSIX::SigAction

POSIX::SigRt

POSIX::SigSet

POSIX::Termios

PATHNAME CONSTANTS

POSIX CONSTANTS

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

ERRNO

FCNTL

FLOAT

FLOATING-POINT ENVIRONMENT

LIMITS

LOCALE

MATH

SIGNAL

STAT

STDLIB

STDIO

TIME

UNISTD

WAIT

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