man Tk::Trace (3): emulate Tcl/Tk trace functions.

SYNOPSIS

use Tk::Trace
$mw->traceVariable(\$v, 'wru' => [\&update_meter, $scale]);
%vinfo = $mw->traceVinfo(\$v);
print "Trace info :\n ", join("\n ", @{$vinfo{-legible}}), "\n";
$mw->traceVdelete(\$v);

DESCRIPTION

This class module emulates the Tcl/Tk trace family of commands by binding subroutines of your devising to Perl variables using simple Tie::Watch features.

Callback format is patterned after the Perl/Tk scheme: supply either a code reference, or, supply an array reference and pass the callback code reference in the first element of the array, followed by callback arguments.

User callbacks are passed these arguments:

 $_[0]        = undef for a scalar, index/key for array/hash
 $_[1]        = variable's current (read), new (write), final (undef) value
 $_[2]        = operation (r, w, or u)
 $_[3 .. $#_] = optional user callback arguments

As a Trace user, you have an important responsibility when writing your callback, since you control the final value assigned to the variable. A typical callback might look like:

 sub callback {
    my($index, $value, $op, @args) = @_;
    return if $op eq 'u';
    # .... code which uses $value ...
    return $value;     # variable's final value
 }

Note that the callback's return value becomes the variable's final value, for either read or write traces.

For write operations, the variable is updated with its new value before the callback is invoked.

Multiple read, write and undef callbacks can be attached to a variable, which are invoked in reverse order of creation.

METHODS

$mw->traceVariable(varRef, op => callback);

varRef is a reference to the scalar, array or hash variable you wish to trace. op is the trace operation, and can be any combination of r for read, w for write, and u for undef. callback is a standard Perl/Tk callback, and is invoked, depending upon the value of op, whenever the variable is read, written, or destroyed.

%vinfo = $mw->traceVinfo(varRef);

Returns a hash detailing the internals of the Trace object, with these keys:

 %vinfo = (
     -variable =>  varRef
     -debug    =>  '0'
     -shadow   =>  '1'
     -value    =>  'HELLO SCALAR'
     -destroy  =>  callback
     -fetch    =>  callback
     -store    =>  callback
     -legible  =>  above data formatted as a list of string, for printing
 );

For array and hash Trace objects, the -value key is replaced with a -ptr key which is a reference to the parallel array or hash. Additionally, for an array or hash, there are key/value pairs for all the variable specific callbacks.

$mw->traceVdelete(\$v);

Stop tracing the variable.

EXAMPLES

 # Trace a Scale's variable and move a meter in unison.
 use Tk;
 use Tk::widgets qw/Trace/;
 $pi = 3.1415926;
 $mw = MainWindow->new;
 $c = $mw->Canvas( qw/-width 200 -height 110 -bd 2 -relief sunken/ )->grid;
 $c->createLine( qw/100 100 10 100 -tag meter -arrow last -width 5/ );
 $s = $mw->Scale( qw/-orient h -from 0 -to 100 -variable/ => \$v )->grid;
 $mw->Label( -text => 'Slide Me for 5 Seconds' )->grid;
 $mw->traceVariable( \$v, 'w' => [ \&update_meter, $s ] );
 $mw->after( 5000 => sub {
     print "Untrace time ...\n";
     %vinfo = $s->traceVinfo( \$v );
     print "Watch info  :\n  ", join("\n  ", @{$vinfo{-legible}}), "\n";
     $c->traceVdelete( \$v );
 });
 MainLoop;
 sub update_meter {
     my( $index, $value, $op, @args ) = @_;
     return if $op eq 'u';
     $min = $s->cget( -from );
     $max = $s->cget( -to );
     $pos = $value / abs( $max - $min );
     $x = 100.0 - 90.0 * ( cos( $pos * $pi ) );
     $y = 100.0 - 90.0 * ( sin( $pos * $pi ) );
     $c->coords( qw/meter 100 100/, $x, $y );
     return $value;
 }
 # Predictive text entry.
 use Tk;
 use Tk::widgets qw/ LabEntry Trace /;
 use strict;
 my @words =  qw/radio television telephone turntable microphone/;
 my $mw = MainWindow->new;
 my $e = $mw->LabEntry(
     qw/ -label Thing -width 40 /,
     -labelPack    => [ qw/ -side left / ],
     -textvariable => \my $thing,
 );
 my $t = $mw->Text( qw/ -height 10 -width 50 / );;
 $t->pack( $e, qw/ -side top / );
 $e->focus;
 $e->traceVariable( \$thing, 'w', [ \&trace_thing, $e, $t ] );
 foreach my $k ( 1 .. 12 ) {
     $e->bind( "<F${k}>" => [ \&ins, $t, Ev('K') ] );
 }
 $e->bind( '<Return>' =>
           sub {
               print "$thing\n";
               $_[0]->delete( 0, 'end' );
           }
 );
 MainLoop;
 sub trace_thing {
     my( $index, $value, $op, $e, $t ) = @_;
     return unless $value;
     $t->delete( qw/ 1.0 end / );
     foreach my $w ( @words ) {
         if ( $w =~ /^$value/ ) {
             $t->insert( 'end', "$w\n" );
         }
     }
     return $value;
 } # end trace_thing
 sub ins {
     my( $e, $t, $K ) = @_;
     my( $index ) = $K =~ /^F(\d+)$/;
     $e->delete( 0, 'end' );
     $e->insert( 'end', $t->get( "$index.0", "$index.0 lineend" ) );
     $t->delete( qw/ 1.0 end / );
 } # end ins

HISTORY

 [email protected], Lehigh University Computing Center, 2000/08/01
 . Version 1.0, for Tk800.022.
 [email protected], Lehigh University Computing Center, 2003/09/22
 . Version 1.1, for Tk804.025, add support for multiple traces of the same
   type on the same variable.

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