X11::Protocol::Ext::XFIXES(3) miscellaneous fixes extension

SYNOPSIS


use X11::Protocol;
my $X = X11::Protocol->new;
$X->init_extension('XFIXES')
or print "XFIXES extension not available";

DESCRIPTION

The XFIXES extension adds some features which are conceived as ``fixing'' omissions in the core X11 protocol, including
  • Events for changes to the selection (the cut and paste between clients).
  • Current cursor image fetching, cursor change events, and cursor naming and hiding.
  • Server-side ``region'' objects representing a set of rectangles.

REQUESTS

The following are made available with an "init_extension()" per ``EXTENSIONS'' in X11::Protocol. 

    my $bool = $X->init_extension('XFIXES');

XFIXES version 1.0

"($server_major, $server_minor) = $X->XFixesQueryVersion ($client_major, $client_minor)"
Negotiate a protocol version with the server. $client_major and $client_minor is what the client would like, the returned $server_major and $server_minor is what the server will do, which might be less than requested (but not more than).

The current code in this module supports up to 4.0 and automatically negotiates within "init_extension()", so direct use of "XFixesQueryVersion()" is not necessary. Asking for higher than the code supports might be a bad idea.

"($atom, $str) = $X->XFixesChangeSaveSet ($window, $mode, $target, $map)"
Insert or delete $window (an XID) from the ``save set'' of resources to be retained on the server when the client disconnects. This is an extended version of the core "ChangeSaveSet()" request.

$mode is either ``Insert'' or ``Delete''.

$target is how to reparent $window on client close-down, either ``Nearest'' or ``Root''. The core "ChangeSaveSet()" is ``Nearest'' and means go to the next non-client ancestor window. ``Root'' means go to the root window.

$map is either ``Map'' or ``Unmap'' to apply to $window on close-down. The core "ChangeSaveSet()" is ``Map''.

$X->XFixesSelectSelectionInput ($window, $selection, $event_mask)>
Select "XFixesSelectionNotify" events (see ``EVENTS'' below) to be sent to $window when $selection (an atom) changes. 

    $X->XFixesSelectSelectionInput ($my_window,
                                    $X->atom('PRIMARY'),
                                    0x07);

$window is given in the resulting "XFixesSelectionNotify". It probably works to make it just a root window. Selections are global to the whole server, so the window doesn't implicitly choose a screen or anything.

$event_mask has three bits for which event subtypes should be reported. 

                            bitpos  bitval
    SetSelectionOwner         0      0x01
    SelectionWindowDestroy    1      0x02
    SelectionClientClose      2      0x04

There's no pack function for these yet so just give an integer, for instance 0x07 for all three.

See examples/xfixes-selection.pl for a sample program listening to selection changes with this request.

$X->XFixesSelectCursorInput ($window, $event_mask)>
Select "XFixesCursorNotify" events (see ``EVENTS'' below) to be sent to the client.

$window is given in the resulting "XFixesSelectionNotify". It probably works to make it just a root window. The cursor image is global and the events are for any change, not merely within $window.

$event_mask has only a single bit, asking for displayed cursor changes, 

                     bitpos  bitval
    DisplayCursor      0      0x01

There's no pack function for this yet, just give integer 1 or 0.

($root_x,$root_y, $width,$height, $xhot,$yhot, $serial, $pixels) = $X->XFixesGetCursorImage ()>
Return the size and pixel contents of the currently displayed mouse pointer cursor.

$root_x,$root_y is the pointer location in root window coordinates (similar to "QueryPointer()").

$width,$height is the size of the cursor image. $xhot,$yhot is the ``hotspot'' position within that, which is the pixel that follows the pointer location.

$pixels is a byte string of packed ``ARGB'' pixel values. Each is 32-bits in client byte order, with $width many in each row and $height such rows and no padding in between, so a total "4*$width*$height" bytes. This can be unpacked with for instance 

    my @argb = unpack 'L*', $pixels; # each 0xAARRGGBB
    # top left pixel is in $argb[0]
    my $alpha = ($argb[0] >> 24) & 0xFF;  # each value
    my $red   = ($argb[0] >> 16) & 0xFF;  # 0 to 255
    my $green = ($argb[0] >> 8)  & 0xFF;
    my $blue  =  $argb[0]        & 0xFF;

The alpha transparency is pre-multiplied into the RGB components, so if the alpha is zero (transparent) then the components are zero too.

The core "CreateCursor()" bitmask always makes alpha=0 transparent or alpha=255 opaque pixels. The RENDER extension (see X11::Protocol::Ext::RENDER) can make partially transparent cursors.

There's no direct way to get the image of a cursor by its XID (except something dodgy like a "GrabPointer()" to make it the displayed cursor). Usually cursor XIDs are only ever created by a client itself so no need to read back (and the cursor XID can't be read out of an arbitrary window --- though the XTEST extension can do some comparing, per X11::Protocol::Ext::XTEST).

For reference, in the X.org server circa version 1.11, the server may start up with no cursor at all, and when that happens an attempt to "XFixesGetCursorImage()" gives a ``Cursor'' error. In practice this probably only happens using a bare Xvfb or similar, since in normal use xdm or the window manager will almost certainly have set a cursor.

See examples/xfixes-cursor-image.pl in the X11-Protocol-Other sources for a sample program getting the cursor image with this request.

XFIXES version 2.0

A region object on the server represents a set of rectangles, each x,y,width,height, with positive or negative x,y, and the set possibly made of disconnected sections, etc. (Basically a server-side copy of the Xlib region code, see XCreateRegion(3).)

Each rectangle might be just 1x1 for a single pixel, so a region can represent any bitmap, but it's geared towards the sort of rectangle arithmetic which arises from overlapping rectangular windows etc.

"$X->XFixesCreateRegion ($region, $rect...)"
Create $region (a new XID) as a region and set it to the union of the given rectangles, or empty if none. Each $rect is an arrayref "[$x,$y,$width,$height]". 

    my $region = $X->new_rsrc;
    $X->XFixesCreateRegion ($region, [0,0,10,5], [100,100,1,1]);
"$X->XFixesCreateRegionFromBitmap ($region, $bitmap)"
Create a region initialized from the 1 bits of $bitmap (a pixmap XID). 

    my $region = $X->new_rsrc;
    $X->XFixesCreateRegionFromBitmap ($region, $bitmap);
"$X->XFixesCreateRegionFromWindow ($region, $window, $kind)"
Create a region initialized from the shape of $window (an XID). $kind is either ``Bounding'' or ``Clip'' as per the SHAPE extension (see X11::Protocol::Ext::SHAPE). 

    my $region = $X->new_rsrc;
    $X->XFixesCreateRegionFromBitmap ($region, $window, 'Clip');

There's no need to "$X->init_extension('SHAPE')" before using this request. Any shape is just on the server and results in a $region of either a single rectangle or set of rectangles for a shape.

"$X->XFixesCreateRegionFromGC ($region, $gc)"
Create a region initialized from the clip mask of $gc (an XID). 

    my $region = $X->new_rsrc;
    $X->XFixesCreateRegionFromGC ($region, $gc);

The region is relative to the GC "clip_x_origin" and "clip_y_origin", ie. those offsets are not applied to the X,Y in the region.

"$X->XFixesCreateRegionFromPicture ($region, $picture)"
Create a region initialized from a RENDER $picture (an XID). 

    my $region = $X->new_rsrc;
    $X->XFixesCreateRegionFromBitmap ($region, $picture);

The region is relative to the picture "clip_x_origin" and "clip_y_origin", ie. those offsets are not applied to the X,Y in the region.

Picture objects are from the RENDER extension (see X11::Protocol::Ext::RENDER). This request always exists, but is not useful without RENDER.

"$X->XFixesDestroyRegion ($region)"
Destroy $region.
"$X->XFixesSetRegion ($region, $rect...)"
Set $region to the union of the given rectangles, or empty if none. Each $rect is an arrayref "[$x,$y,$width,$height]", as per "XFixesCreateRegion()" above. 

    $X->XFixesSetRegion ($region, [0,0,20,10], [100,100,5,5])
"$X->XFixesCopyRegion ($dst, $src)"
Copy a region $src to region $dst.
"$X->XFixesUnionRegion ($src1, $src2, $dst)"
"$X->XFixesIntersectRegion ($src1, $src2, $dst)"
"$X->XFixesSubtractRegion ($src1, $src2, $dst)"
Set region $dst to respectively the union or intersection of $src1 and $src2, or the subtraction $src1 - $src2.

$dst can be one of the source regions if desired, to change in-place.

"$X->XFixesInvertRegion ($src, $rect, $dst)"
Set region $dst to the inverse of $src bounded by rectangle $rect, ie. $rect subtract $src. $rect is an arrayref "[$x,$y,$width,$height]". 

    $X-XFixesInvertRegion ($src, [10,10, 200,100], $dst)>

$dst can be the same as $src to do an ``in-place'' invert.

"$X->XFixesTranslateRegion ($region, $dx, $dy)"
Move the area covered by $region by an offset $dx and $dy (integers).
"$X->XFixesRegionExtents ($dst, $src)"
Set region $dst to the rectangular bounds of region $src. If $src is empty then $dst is set to empty.
"($bounding, @parts) = $X->XFixesFetchRegion ($region)"
Return the rectangles which cover $region. Each returned element is an arrayref 

    [$x,$y,$width,$height]

The first is a bounding rectangle, and after that the individual rectangles making up the region, in ``YX-banded'' order. 

    my ($bounding, @rects) = $X->XFixesFetchRegion ($region);
    print "bounded by ",join(',',@$bounding);
    foreach my $rect (@rects) {
      print "  rect part ",join(',',@$rect);
    }
"$X->XFixesSetGCClipRegion ($gc, $clip_x_origin, $clip_y_origin, $region)"
Set the clip mask of $gc (an XID) to $region (an XID), and set the clip origin to $clip_x_origin,$clip_x_origin.

This is similar to the core "SetClipRectangles()", but the rectangles are from $region (and no ``ordering'' parameter).

"$X->XFixesSetWindowShapeRegion ($window, $kind, $x_offset, $y_offset, $region)"
Set the shape mask of $window (an XID) to $region, at offset $x_offset,$y_offset into the window. $kind is a ShapeKind, either ``Bounding'' or ``Clip''.

This is similar to "ShapeMask()" (see X11::Protocol::Ext::SHAPE) with operation ``Set'' and a a region instead of a bitmap.

It's not necessary to "$X->init_extension('SHAPE')" before using this request. If SHAPE is not available on the server then presumably this request gives an error reply.

"$X->XFixesSetPictureClipRegion ($picture, $clip_x_origin, $clip_y_origin, $region)"
Set the clip mask of RENDER $picture (an XID) to $region, and set the clip origin to $clip_x_origin,$clip_x_origin.

This is similar to "RenderSetPictureClipRectangles()", but the rectangles are from $region.

Picture objects are from the RENDER extension (see X11::Protocol::Ext::RENDER). The request always exists, but is not useful without RENDER.

"$X->XFixesSetCursorName ($cursor, $str)"
Set a name for cursor object $cursor (an XID). The name string $str is interned as an atom in the server and therefore should consist only of latin-1 characters. (Perhaps in the future that might be enforced here, or wide chars converted.)
"($atom, $str) = $X->XFixesGetCursorName ($cursor)"
Get the name of mouse pointer cursor $cursor (an XID), as set by "XFixesSetCursorName()".

The returned $atom is the name atom (an integer) and $str is the name string (which is the atom's name). If there's no name for $cursor then $atom is string ``None'' (or 0 if no "$X->{'do_interp'}") and $str is empty "".

"($x,$y, $width,$height, $xhot,$yhot, $serial, $pixels, $atom, $str) = $X->XFixesGetCursorImageAndName ()"
Get the image and name of the current mouse pointer cursor. The return is per "XFixesGetCursorImage()" plus "XFixesGetCursorName()" described above.
"$X->XFixesChangeCursor ($src, $dst)"
Change the contents of cursor $dst (an XID) to the contents of cursor $src (an XID).
"$X->XFixesChangeCursorByName ($src, $dst_str)"
Change the contents of any cursors with name $dst_str (a string) to the contents of cursor $src. If there's no cursors with name $dst_str then do nothing.

XFIXES version 3.0

"$X->XFixesExpandRegion ($src, $dst, $left,$right,$top,$bottom)"
Set region $dst (an XID) to the rectangles of region $src, with each rectangle expanded by $left, $right, $top, $bottom many pixels in those respective directions.

Notice it doesn't matter how $src is expressed as rectangles, the effect is as if each individual pixel in $src was expanded and the union of the result taken.

XFIXES version 4.0

"$X->XFixesHideCursor ($window)"
"$X->XFixesShowCursor ($window)"
Hide or show the mouse pointer cursor while it's in $window (an XID) or any subwindow of $window.

This hiding for each window is a per-client setting. If more than one client requests hiding then the cursor remains hidden until all of them ``show'' again. If a client disconnects or is killed then its hides are automatically undone.

XFIXES version 5.0

"$X->XFixesCreatePointerBarrier ($barrier, $drawable, $x1,$y1, $x2,$y2, $directions, $deviceid...)"
Create $barrier (a new XID) as a barrier object which prevents user mouse pointer movement across a line between "$x1,$y1" and "$x2,$y2". For example 

    my $barrier = $X->new_rsrc;
    $X->XFixesCreatePointerBarrier ($barrier, $X->root,
                                    100,100, 100,500,
                                    0);

X,Y coordinates are screen coordinates on the screen of $drawable. The line must be horizontal or vertical, so either "$x1==$x2" or "$y1==$y2" (but not both). A horizontal barrier is across the top edge of the line pixels, a vertical barrier is along the left edge of the line pixels.

$directions is an integer OR of the follow bits for which directions to allow some movement across the line. A value 0 means no movement across is allowed. 

    PositiveX    1
    PositiveY    2
    NegativeX    4
    NegativeY    8

For example on a horizontal line 8 would allow the pointer to move through the line in the negative Y direction (up the screen), and movement in the positive Y direction (down the screen) would still be forbidden.

$directions can let the user move the mouse out of some sort of forbidden region but not go back in.

Optional $deviceid arguments are X Input Extension 2.0 devices the barrier should apply to (see X11::Protocol::Ext::XInputExtension). Give no arguments to act on just the core protocol mouse pointer. Each argument can be 

    device ID            (integer)
    "AllDevices"         (string, 0)
    "AllMasterDevices"   (string, 1)

It's not necessary to "$X->init_extension('XInputExtension')" before using this request.

The user can move the mouse pointer to go around a barrier line but by putting lines together a region can be constructed keeping the pointer inside or outside, or even making a maze to trick the user!

Touchscreen pad input is not affected by barriers, and "$X->WarpPointer" can still move the pointer anywhere.

One intended use is when a Xinerama screen (see X11::Protocol::Ext::XINERAMA) is made from monitors of different pixel sizes so parts of the logical screen extent are off the edge of one of the smaller monitors. Barriers can prevent the user losing the mouse in one of those dead regions.

"$X->XFixesDestroyPointerBarrier ($barrier)"
Destroy the given barrier (an XID).

EVENTS

The following events have the usual fields 

    name             "XFixes..."
    synthetic        true if from a SendEvent
    code             integer opcode
    sequence_number  integer
"XFixesSelectionNotify"
This is sent to the client when selected by "XFixesSelectSelectionInput" above. It reports changes to the selection. The event-specific fields are 

    subtype         enum string
    window          XID
    owner           XID of owner window, or "None"
    selection       atom integer
    time            integer, server timestamp
    selection_time  integer, server timestamp

"subtype" is one of 

    SetSelectionOwner
    SelectionWindowDestroy
    SelectionClientClose

"time" is when the event was generated, "selection_time" is when the selection was owned.

"XFixesCursorNotify"
This is sent to the client when selected by "XFixesSelectCursorInput()" above. It reports when the currently displayed mouse pointer cursor has changed. It has the following event-specific fields, 

    subtype         enum string, currently always "DisplayCursor"
    window          XID
    cursor_serial   integer
    time            integer, server timestamp
    cursor_name     atom or "None" (XFIXES 2.0 up)

"subtype" is ``DisplayCursor'' when the displayed cursor has changed. This is the only subtype currently.

"cursor_serial" is a serial number as per "XFixesGetCursorImage()". A client can use this to notice when the displayed cursor is something it has already fetched with "XFixesGetCursorImage()".

"cursor_name" is the atom of the name given to the cursor by "XFixesSetCursorName", or string ``None'' if no name. This field is new in XFIXES 2.0 and is present in the event unpack only if the server does XFIXES 2.0 or higher. For "$X->pack_event()", "cursor_name" is optional and the field is set if given.

ERRORS

Error type ``Region'' is a bad $region resource XID in a request (XFIXES 2.0 up).

HOME PAGE

<http://user42.tuxfamily.org/x11-protocol-other/index.html>

LICENSE

Copyright 2011, 2012, 2013 Kevin Ryde

X11-Protocol-Other is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.

X11-Protocol-Other is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with X11-Protocol-Other. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

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