SYNOPSIS

In sys/param.h In sys/ucred.h Ft struct ucred * Fn crget void Ft struct ucred * Fn crhold struct ucred *cr Ft void Fn crfree struct ucred *cr Ft int Fn crshared struct ucred *cr Ft void Fn crcopy struct ucred *dest struct ucred *src Ft struct ucred * Fn crcopysafe struct proc *p struct ucred *cr Ft struct ucred * Fn crdup struct ucred *cr Ft void Fn crsetgroups struct ucred *cr int ngrp gid_t *groups Ft void Fn cru2x struct ucred *cr struct xucred *xcr Ft void Fn cred_update_thread struct thread *td

DESCRIPTION

The family of functions is used to manage user credential structures (Vt struct ucred ) within the kernel.

The Fn crget function allocates memory for a new structure, sets its reference count to 1, and initializes its lock.

The Fn crhold function increases the reference count on the credential.

The Fn crfree function decreases the reference count on the credential. If the count drops to 0, the storage for the structure is freed.

The Fn crshared function returns true if the credential is shared. A credential is considered to be shared if its reference count is greater than one.

The Fn crcopy function copies the contents of the source (template) credential into the destination template. The Vt uidinfo structure within the destination is referenced by calling uihold(9).

The Fn crcopysafe function copies the current credential associated with the process Fa p into the newly allocated credential Fa cr . The process lock on Fa p must be held and will be dropped and reacquired as needed to allocate group storage space in Fa cr .

The Fn crdup function allocates memory for a new structure and copies the contents of Fa cr into it. The actual copying is performed by Fn crcopy .

The Fn crsetgroups function sets the cr_groups and cr_ngroups variables and allocates space as needed. It also truncates the group list to the current maximum number of groups. No other mechanism should be used to modify the cr_groups array except for updating the primary group via assignment to cr_groups[0]

The Fn cru2x function converts a Vt ucred structure to an Vt xucred structure. That is, it copies data from Fa cr to Fa xcr ; it ignores fields in the former that are not present in the latter (e.g., cr_uidinfo ) and appropriately sets fields in the latter that are not present in the former (e.g., cr_version )

The Fn cred_update_thread function sets the credentials of Fa td to that of its process, freeing its old credential if required.

RETURN VALUES

Fn crget , Fn crhold , Fn crdup , and Fn crcopysafe all return a pointer to a Vt ucred structure.

Fn crshared returns 0 if the credential has a reference count greater than 1; otherwise, 1 is returned.

USAGE NOTES

As of Fx 5.0 , the Vt ucred structure contains extensible fields. This means that the correct protocol must always be followed to create a fresh and writable credential structure: new credentials must always be derived from existing credentials using Fn crget , Fn crcopy , and Fn crcopysafe .

In the common case, credentials required for access control decisions are used in a read-only manner. In these circumstances, the thread credential td_ucred should be used, as it requires no locking to access safely, and remains stable for the duration of the call even in the face of a multi-threaded application changing the process credentials from another thread.

During a process credential update, the process lock must be held across check and update, to prevent race conditions. The process credential, td->td_proc->p_ucred must be used both for check and update. If a process credential is updated during a system call and checks against the thread credential are to be made later during the same system call, the thread credential must also be refreshed from the process credential so as to prevent use of a stale value. To avoid this scenario, it is recommended that system calls updating the process credential be designed to avoid other authorization functions.

If temporarily elevated privileges are required for a thread, the thread credential can by replaced for the duration of an activity, or for the remainder of the system call. However, as a thread credential is often shared, appropriate care should be taken to make sure modifications are made to a writable credential through the use of Fn crget and Fn crcopy .

Caution should be exercised when checking authorization for a thread or process perform an operation on another thread or process. As a result of temporary elevation, the target thread credential should never be used as the target credential in an access control decision: the process credential associated with the thread, td->td_proc->p_ucred should be used instead. For example, p_candebug9 accepts a target process, not a target thread, for access control purposes.

AUTHORS

This manual page was written by An Chad David Aq [email protected] .