SYNOPSIS

mono [options] file [arguments...]

mono-sgen [options] file [arguments...]

DESCRIPTION

mono is a runtime implementation of the ECMA Common Language Infrastructure. This can be used to run ECMA and .NET applications.

The runtime contains a native code generator that transforms the Common Intermediate Language into native code.

The code generator can operate in two modes: just in time compilation (JIT) or ahead of time compilation (AOT). Since code can be dynamically loaded, the runtime environment and the JIT are always present, even if code is compiled ahead of time.

The runtime loads the specified file and optionally passes the arguments to it. The file is an ECMA assembly. They typically have a .exe or .dll extension.

The runtime provides a number of configuration options for running applications, for developing and debugging, and for testing and debugging the runtime itself.

The mono command uses the Boehm conservative garbage collector while the mono-sgen command uses a moving and generational garbage collector.

PORTABILITY

On Unix-based systems, Mono provides a mechanism to emulate the Windows-style file access, this includes providing a case insensitive view of the file system, directory separator mapping (from \ to /) and stripping the drive letters.

This functionality is enabled by setting the MONO_IOMAP environment variable to one of all, drive and case.

See the description for MONO_IOMAP in the environment variables section for more details.

RUNTIME OPTIONS

The following options are available:

--aot, --aot[=options]

This option is used to precompile the CIL code in the specified assembly to native code. The generated code is stored in a file with the extension .so. This file will be automatically picked up by the runtime when the assembly is executed. Ahead-of-Time compilation is most useful if you use it in combination with the -O=all,-shared flag which enables all of the optimizations in the code generator to be performed. Some of those optimizations are not practical for Just-in-Time compilation since they might be very time consuming. Unlike the .NET Framework, Ahead-of-Time compilation will not generate domain independent code: it generates the same code that the Just-in-Time compiler would produce. Since most applications use a single domain, this is fine. If you want to optimize the generated code for use in multi-domain applications, consider using the -O=shared flag. This pre-compiles the methods, but the original assembly is still required to execute as this one contains the metadata and exception information which is not available on the generated file. When precompiling code, you might want to compile with all optimizations (-O=all). Pre-compiled code is position independent code. Pre compilation is just a mechanism to reduce startup time, increase code sharing across multiple mono processes and avoid just-in-time compilation program startup costs. The original assembly must still be present, as the metadata is contained there. AOT code typically can not be moved from one computer to another (CPU-specific optimizations that are detected at runtime) so you should not try to move the pre-generated assemblies or package the pre-generated assemblies for deployment. A few options are available as a parameter to the --aot command line option. The options are separated by commas, and more than one can be specified:

autoreg

The AOT compiler will emit a (ELF only) library initializer to automatically register the aot compiled module with the runtime. This is only useful in static mode

asmonly

Instructs the AOT compiler to output assembly code instead of an object file.

bind-to-runtime-version

If specified, forces the generated AOT files to be bound to the runtime version of the compiling Mono. This will prevent the AOT files from being consumed by a different Mono runtime. full This is currently an experimental feature as it is not complete. This instructs Mono to precompile code that has historically not been precompiled with AOT.

direct-pinvoke

When this option is specified, P/Invoke methods are invoked directly instead of going through the operating system symbol lookup operation.

llvm-path=<PREFIX>

Same for the llvm tools 'opt' and 'llc'.

mtriple=<TRIPLE>

Use the GNU style target triple <TRIPLE> to determine some code generation options, i.e. --mtriple=armv7-linux-gnueabi will generate code that targets ARMv7. This is currently only supported by the ARM backend. In LLVM mode, this triple is passed on to the LLVM llc compiler.

nimt-trampolines=[number]

When compiling in full aot mode, the IMT trampolines must be precreated in the AOT image. You can add additional method trampolines with this argument. Defaults to 128.

nodebug

Instructs the AOT compiler to not output any debugging information.

no-direct-calls

This prevents the AOT compiler from generating a direct calls to a method. The AOT compiler usually generates direct calls for certain methods that do not require going through the PLT (for example, methods that are known to not require a hook like a static constructor) or call into simple internal calls.

dwarfdebug

Instructs the AOT compiler to emit DWARF debugging information. When used together with the nodebug option, only DWARF debugging information is emitted, but not the information that can be used at runtime.

nrgctx-trampolines=[number]

When compiling in full aot mode, the generic sharing trampolines must be precreated in the AOT image. You can add additional method trampolines with this argument. Defaults to 1024.

ntrampolines=[number]

When compiling in full aot mode, the method trampolines must be precreated in the AOT image. You can add additional method trampolines with this argument. Defaults to 1024.

outfile=[filename]

Instructs the AOT compiler to save the output to the specified file.

print-skipped-methods

If the AOT compiler cannot compile a method for any reason, enabling this flag will output the skipped methods to the console.

readonly-value=namespace.typename.fieldname=type/value

Override the value of a static readonly field. Usually, during JIT compilation, the static constructor is ran eagerly, so the value of a static readonly field is known at compilation time and the compiler can do a number of optimizations based on it. During AOT, instead, the static constructor can't be ran, so this option can be used to set the value of such a field and enable the same set of optimizations. Type can be any of i1, i2, i4 for integers of the respective sizes (in bytes). Note that signed/unsigned numbers do not matter here, just the storage size. This option can be specified multiple times and it doesn't prevent the static constructor for the type defining the field to execute with the usual rules at runtime (hence possibly computing a different value for the field).

save-temps,keep-temps

Instructs the AOT compiler to keep temporary files.

soft-debug

This instructs the compiler to generate sequence point checks that allow Mono's soft debugger to debug applications even on systems where it is not possible to set breakpoints or to single step (certain hardware configurations like the cell phones and video gaming consoles).

static

Create an ELF object file (.o) or .s file which can be statically linked into an executable when embedding the mono runtime. When this option is used, the object file needs to be registered with the embedded runtime using the mono_aot_register_module function which takes as its argument the mono_aot_module_<ASSEMBLY NAME>_info global symbol from the object file:

extern void *mono_aot_module_hello_info;
mono_aot_register_module (mono_aot_module_hello_info);

stats

Print various stats collected during AOT compilation.

threads=[number]

This is an experimental option for the AOT compiler to use multiple threads when compiling the methods.

tool-prefix=<PREFIX>

Prepends <PREFIX> to the name of tools ran by the AOT compiler, i.e. 'as'/'ld'. For example, --tool=prefix=arm-linux-gnueabi- will make the AOT compiler run

write-symbols

Instructs the AOT compiler to emit debug symbol information.

For more information about AOT, see: http://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/

--attach=[options]

Currently the only option supported by this command line argument is disable which disables the attach functionality.

--config filename

Load the specified configuration file instead of the default one(s). The default files are /etc/mono/config and ~/.mono/config or the file specified in the MONO_CONFIG environment variable, if set. See the mono-config(5) man page for details on the format of this file.

--debugger-agent=[options]

This instructs the Mono runtime to start a debugging agent inside the Mono runtime and connect it to a client user interface will control the Mono process. This option is typically used by IDEs, like the MonoDevelop IDE.

The configuration is specified using one of more of the following options:

address=host:port

Use this option to specify the IP address where your debugger client is listening to.

loglevel=LEVEL

Specifies the diagnostics log level for

logfile=filename

Used to specify the file where the log will be stored, it defaults to standard output.

server=[y/n]

Defaults to no, with the default option Mono will actively connect to the host/port configured with the address option. If you set it to 'y', it instructs the Mono runtime to start debugging in server mode, where Mono actively waits for the debugger front end to connect to the Mono process. Mono will print out to stdout the IP address and port where it is listening.

setpgid=[y/n]

If set to yes, Mono will call setpgid(0, 0) on startup, if that function is available on the system. This is useful for ensuring that signals delivered to a process that is executing the debuggee are not propagated to the debuggee, e.g. when Ctrl-C sends SIGINT to the sdb tool.

suspend=[y/n]

Defaults to yes, with the default option Mono will suspend the vm on startup until it connects successfully to a debugger front end. If you set it to 'n', in conjunction with server=y, it instructs the Mono runtime to run as normal, while caching metadata to send to the debugger front end on connection..

transport=transport_name

This is used to specify the transport that the debugger will use to communicate. It must be specified and currently requires this to be 'dt_socket'.

--desktop

Configures the virtual machine to be better suited for desktop applications. Currently this sets the GC system to avoid expanding the heap as much as possible at the expense of slowing down garbage collection a bit.

--full-aot

This is an experimental flag that instructs the Mono runtime to not generate any code at runtime and depend exclusively on the code generated from using mono --aot=full previously. This is useful for platforms that do not permit dynamic code generation. Notice that this feature will abort execution at runtime if a codepath in your program, or Mono's class libraries attempts to generate code dynamically. You should test your software upfront and make sure that you do not use any dynamic features.

--gc=boehm, --gc=sgen

Selects the Garbage Collector engine for Mono to use, Boehm or SGen. Currently this merely ensures that you are running either the mono or mono-sgen commands. This flag can be set in the MONO_ENV_OPTIONS environment variable to force all of your child processes to use one particular kind of GC with the Mono runtime.

--help, -h

Displays usage instructions.

--llvm

If the Mono runtime has been compiled with LLVM support (not available in all configurations), Mono will use the LLVM optimization and code generation engine to JIT or AOT compile. For more information, consult: http://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/mono-llvm/

--nollvm

When using a Mono that has been compiled with LLVM support, it forces Mono to fallback to its JIT engine and not use the LLVM backend.

--optimize=MODE, -O=MODE

MODE is a comma separated list of optimizations. They also allow optimizations to be turned off by prefixing the optimization name with a minus sign. In general, Mono has been tuned to use the default set of flags, before using these flags for a deployment setting, you might want to actually measure the benefits of using them. The following optimization flags are implemented in the core engine:

             abcrem     Array bound checks removal
             all        Turn on all optimizations
             aot        Usage of Ahead Of Time compiled code
             branch     Branch optimizations
             cfold      Constant folding
             cmov       Conditional moves [arch-dependency]
             deadce     Dead code elimination
             consprop   Constant propagation
             copyprop   Copy propagation
             fcmov      Fast x86 FP compares [arch-dependency]
             float32    Perform 32-bit float arithmetic using 32-bit operations
             gshared    Enable generic code sharing.
             inline     Inline method calls
             intrins    Intrinsic method implementations
             linears    Linear scan global reg allocation
             leaf       Leaf procedures optimizations
             loop       Loop related optimizations
             peephole   Peephole postpass
             precomp    Precompile all methods before executing Main
             sched      Instruction scheduling
             shared     Emit per-domain code
             sse2       SSE2 instructions on x86 [arch-dependency]
             tailc      Tail recursion and tail calls

For example, to enable all the optimization but dead code elimination and inlining, you can use:

        -O=all,-deadce,-inline

The flags that are flagged with [arch-dependency] indicate that the given option if used in combination with Ahead of Time compilation (--aot flag) would produce pre-compiled code that will depend on the current CPU and might not be safely moved to another computer.

The following optimizations are supported

float32

Requests that the runtime performn 32-bit floating point operations using only 32-bits. By default the Mono runtime tries to use the highest precision available for floating point operations, but while this might render better results, the code might run slower. This options also affects the code generated by the LLVM backend.

inline

Controls whether the runtime should attempt to inline (the default), or not inline methods invocations

--runtime=VERSION

Mono supports different runtime versions. The version used depends on the program that is being run or on its configuration file (named program.exe.config). This option can be used to override such autodetection, by forcing a different runtime version to be used. Note that this should only be used to select a later compatible runtime version than the one the program was compiled against. A typical usage is for running a 1.1 program on a 2.0 version:

         mono --runtime=v2.0.50727 program.exe

--security, --security=mode

Activate the security manager, a currently experimental feature in Mono and it is OFF by default. The new code verifier can be enabled with this option as well.

Using security without parameters is equivalent as calling it with the "cas" parameter.

The following modes are supported:

core-clr

Enables the core-clr security system, typically used for Moonlight/Silverlight applications. It provides a much simpler security system than CAS, see http://www.mono-project.com/docs/web/moonlight/ for more details and links to the descriptions of this new system.

validil

Enables the new verifier and performs basic verification for code validity. In this mode, unsafe code and P/Invoke are allowed. This mode provides a better safety guarantee but it is still possible for managed code to crash Mono.

verifiable

Enables the new verifier and performs full verification of the code being executed. It only allows verifiable code to be executed. Unsafe code is not allowed but P/Invoke is. This mode should not allow managed code to crash mono. The verification is not as strict as ECMA 335 standard in order to stay compatible with the MS runtime.

The security system acts on user code: code contained in mscorlib or the global assembly cache is always trusted.

--server

Configures the virtual machine to be better suited for server operations (currently, allows a heavier threadpool initialization).

--verify-all

Verifies mscorlib and assemblies in the global assembly cache for valid IL, and all user code for IL verifiability.

This is different from --security's verifiable or validil in that these options only check user code and skip mscorlib and assemblies located on the global assembly cache.

-V, --version

Prints JIT version information (system configuration, release number and branch names if available).

DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS

The following options are used to help when developing a JITed application.

--debug, --debug=OPTIONS

Turns on the debugging mode in the runtime. If an assembly was compiled with debugging information, it will produce line number information for stack traces.

The optional OPTIONS argument is a comma separated list of debugging options. These options are turned off by default since they generate much larger and slower code at runtime.

The following options are supported:

casts

Produces a detailed error when throwing a InvalidCastException. This option needs to be enabled as this generates more verbose code at execution time.

mdb-optimizations

Disable some JIT optimizations which are usually only disabled when running inside the debugger. This can be helpful if you want to attach to the running process with mdb.

gdb

Generate and register debugging information with gdb. This is only supported on some platforms, and only when using gdb 7.0 or later.

--profile[=profiler[:profiler_args]]

Turns on profiling. For more information about profiling applications and code coverage see the sections "PROFILING" and "CODE COVERAGE" below.

This option can be used multiple times, each time will load an

additional profiler. This allows developers to use modules that extend the JIT through the Mono profiling interface.

--trace[=expression]

Shows method names as they are invoked. By default all methods are traced. The trace can be customized to include or exclude methods, classes or assemblies. A trace expression is a comma separated list of targets, each target can be prefixed with a minus sign to turn off a particular target. The words `program', `all' and `disabled' have special meaning. `program' refers to the main program being executed, and `all' means all the method calls. The `disabled' option is used to start up with tracing disabled. It can be enabled at a later point in time in the program by sending the SIGUSR2 signal to the runtime. Assemblies are specified by their name, for example, to trace all calls in the System assembly, use:

        mono --trace=System app.exe

Classes are specified with the T: prefix. For example, to trace all calls to the System.String class, use:

        mono --trace=T:System.String app.exe

And individual methods are referenced with the M: prefix, and the standard method notation:

        mono --trace=M:System.Console:WriteLine app.exe

Exceptions can also be traced, it will cause a stack trace to be printed every time an exception of the specified type is thrown. The exception type can be specified with or without the namespace, and to trace all exceptions, specify 'all' as the type name.

        mono --trace=E:System.Exception app.exe

As previously noted, various rules can be specified at once:

        mono --trace=T:System.String,T:System.Random app.exe

You can exclude pieces, the next example traces calls to System.String except for the System.String:Concat method.

        mono --trace=T:System.String,-M:System.String:Concat

You can trace managed to unmanaged transitions using the wrapper qualifier:

        mono --trace=wrapper app.exe

Finally, namespaces can be specified using the N: prefix:

        mono --trace=N:System.Xml

--no-x86-stack-align

Don't align stack frames on the x86 architecture. By default, Mono aligns stack frames to 16 bytes on x86, so that local floating point and SIMD variables can be properly aligned. This option turns off the alignment, which usually saves one intruction per call, but might result in significantly lower floating point and SIMD performance.

--jitmap

Generate a JIT method map in a /tmp/perf-PID.map file. This file is then used, for example, by the perf tool included in recent Linux kernels. Each line in the file has:

        HEXADDR HEXSIZE methodname

Currently this option is only supported on Linux.

JIT MAINTAINER OPTIONS

The maintainer options are only used by those developing the runtime itself, and not typically of interest to runtime users or developers.

--break method

Inserts a breakpoint before the method whose name is `method' (namespace.class:methodname). Use `Main' as method name to insert a breakpoint on the application's main method. You can use it also with generics, for example "System.Collections.Generic.Queue`1:Peek"

--breakonex

Inserts a breakpoint on exceptions. This allows you to debug your application with a native debugger when an exception is thrown.

--compile name

This compiles a method (namespace.name:methodname), this is used for testing the compiler performance or to examine the output of the code generator.

--compileall

Compiles all the methods in an assembly. This is used to test the compiler performance or to examine the output of the code generator

--graph=TYPE METHOD

This generates a postscript file with a graph with the details about the specified method (namespace.name:methodname). This requires `dot' and ghostview to be installed (it expects Ghostview to be called "gv"). The following graphs are available:

          cfg        Control Flow Graph (CFG)
          dtree      Dominator Tree
          code       CFG showing code
          ssa        CFG showing code after SSA translation
          optcode    CFG showing code after IR optimizations

Some graphs will only be available if certain optimizations are turned on.

--ncompile

Instruct the runtime on the number of times that the method specified by --compile (or all the methods if --compileall is used) to be compiled. This is used for testing the code generator performance.

--stats

Displays information about the work done by the runtime during the execution of an application.

--wapi=hps|semdel

Perform maintenance of the process shared data. semdel will delete the global semaphore. hps will list the currently used handles.

-v, --verbose

Increases the verbosity level, each time it is listed, increases the verbosity level to include more information (including, for example, a disassembly of the native code produced, code selector info etc.).

ATTACH SUPPORT

The Mono runtime allows external processes to attach to a running process and load assemblies into the running program. To attach to the process, a special protocol is implemented in the Mono.Management assembly.

With this support it is possible to load assemblies that have an entry point (they are created with -target:exe or -target:winexe) to be loaded and executed in the Mono process.

The code is loaded into the root domain, and it starts execution on the special runtime attach thread. The attached program should create its own threads and return after invocation.

This support allows for example debugging applications by having the csharp shell attach to running processes.

PROFILING

The mono runtime includes a profiler that can be used to explore various performance related problems in your application. The profiler is activated by passing the --profile command line argument to the Mono runtime, the format is:

        --profile[=profiler[:profiler_args]]

Mono has a built-in profiler called 'default' (and is also the default if no arguments are specified), but developers can write custom profilers, see the section "CUSTOM PROFILERS" for more details.

If a profiler is not specified, the default profiler is used. The profiler_args is a profiler-specific string of options for the profiler itself. The default profiler accepts the following options 'alloc' to profile memory consumption by the application; 'time' to profile the time spent on each routine; 'jit' to collect time spent JIT-compiling methods and 'stat' to perform sample statistical profiling. If no options are provided the default is 'alloc,time,jit'.

By default the profile data is printed to stdout: to change this, use the 'file=filename' option to output the data to filename. For example:

        mono --profile program.exe

That will run the program with the default profiler and will do time and allocation profiling.

        mono --profile=default:stat,alloc,file=prof.out program.exe

Will do sample statistical profiling and allocation profiling on program.exe. The profile data is put in prof.out. Note that the statistical profiler has a very low overhead and should be the preferred profiler to use (for better output use the full path to the mono binary when running and make sure you have installed the addr2line utility that comes from the binutils package).

LOG PROFILER

This is the most advanced profiler.

The Mono log profiler can be used to collect a lot of information about a program running in the Mono runtime. This data can be used (both while the process is running and later) to do analyses of the program behaviour, determine resource usage, performance issues or even look for particular execution patterns.

This is accomplished by logging the events provided by the Mono runtime through the profiling interface and periodically writing them to a file which can be later inspected with the mprof-report(1) tool.

More information about how to use the log profiler is available on the mprof-report(1) page.

CUSTOM PROFILERS

Mono provides a mechanism for loading other profiling modules which in the form of shared libraries. These profiling modules can hook up to various parts of the Mono runtime to gather information about the code being executed.

To use a third party profiler you must pass the name of the profiler to Mono, like this:

        mono --profile=custom program.exe

In the above sample Mono will load the user defined profiler from the shared library `mono-profiler-custom.so'. This profiler module must be on your dynamic linker library path.

A list of other third party profilers is available from Mono's web site (www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/performance-tips/)

Custom profiles are written as shared libraries. The shared library must be called `mono-profiler-NAME.so' where `NAME' is the name of your profiler.

For a sample of how to write your own custom profiler look in the Mono source tree for in the samples/profiler.c.

CODE COVERAGE

Mono ships with a code coverage module. This module is activated by using the Mono --profile=cov option. The format is: --profile=cov[:assembly-name[/namespace]] test-suite.exe

By default code coverage will default to all the assemblies loaded, you can limit this by specifying the assembly name, for example to perform code coverage in the routines of your program use, for example the following command line limits the code coverage to routines in the "demo" assembly:

        mono --profile=cov:demo demo.exe

Notice that the assembly-name does not include the extension.

You can further restrict the code coverage output by specifying a namespace:

        mono --profile=cov:demo/My.Utilities demo.exe

Which will only perform code coverage in the given assembly and namespace.

Typical output looks like this:

        Not covered: Class:.ctor ()
        Not covered: Class:A ()
        Not covered: Driver:.ctor ()
        Not covered: Driver:method ()
        Partial coverage: Driver:Main ()
                offset 0x000a

The offsets displayed are IL offsets.

A more powerful coverage tool is available in the module `monocov'. See the monocov(1) man page for details.

DEBUGGING AIDS

To debug managed applications, you can use the mdb command, a command line debugger.

It is possible to obtain a stack trace of all the active threads in Mono by sending the QUIT signal to Mono, you can do this from the command line, like this:

        kill -QUIT pid

Where pid is the Process ID of the Mono process you want to examine. The process will continue running afterwards, but its state is not guaranteed.

Important: this is a last-resort mechanism for debugging applications and should not be used to monitor or probe a production application. The integrity of the runtime after sending this signal is not guaranteed and the application might crash or terminate at any given point afterwards.

The --debug=casts option can be used to get more detailed information for Invalid Cast operations, it will provide information about the types involved.

You can use the MONO_LOG_LEVEL and MONO_LOG_MASK environment variables to get verbose debugging output about the execution of your application within Mono.

The MONO_LOG_LEVEL environment variable if set, the logging level is changed to the set value. Possible values are "error", "critical", "warning", "message", "info", "debug". The default value is "error". Messages with a logging level greater then or equal to the log level will be printed to stdout/stderr.

Use "info" to track the dynamic loading of assemblies.

Use the MONO_LOG_MASK environment variable to limit the extent of the messages you get: If set, the log mask is changed to the set value. Possible values are "asm" (assembly loader), "type", "dll" (native library loader), "gc" (garbage collector), "cfg" (config file loader), "aot" (precompiler), "security" (e.g. Moonlight CoreCLR support) and "all". The default value is "all". Changing the mask value allows you to display only messages for a certain component. You can use multiple masks by comma separating them. For example to see config file messages and assembly loader messages set you mask to "asm,cfg".

The following is a common use to track down problems with P/Invoke:

        $ MONO_LOG_LEVEL="debug" MONO_LOG_MASK="dll" mono glue.exe

DEBUGGING WITH LLDB

If you are using LLDB, you can use the mono.py script to print some internal data structures with it. To use this, add this to your $HOME/.lldbinit file:

command script import $PREFIX/lib/mono/lldb/mono.py

Where $PREFIX is the prefix value that you used when you configured Mono (typically /usr).

Once this is done, then you can inspect some Mono Runtime data structures, for example:

(lldb) p method
(MonoMethod *) $0 = 0x05026ac0 [mscorlib]System.OutOfMemoryException:.ctor()

SERIALIZATION

Mono's XML serialization engine by default will use a reflection-based approach to serialize which might be slow for continuous processing (web service applications). The serialization engine will determine when a class must use a hand-tuned serializer based on a few parameters and if needed it will produce a customized C# serializer for your types at runtime. This customized serializer then gets dynamically loaded into your application.

You can control this with the MONO_XMLSERIALIZER_THS environment variable.

The possible values are `no' to disable the use of a C# customized serializer, or an integer that is the minimum number of uses before the runtime will produce a custom serializer (0 will produce a custom serializer on the first access, 50 will produce a serializer on the 50th use). Mono will fallback to an interpreted serializer if the serializer generation somehow fails. This behavior can be disabled by setting the option `nofallback' (for example: MONO_XMLSERIALIZER_THS=0,nofallback).

VALGRIND

If you want to use Valgrind, you will find the file `mono.supp' useful, it contains the suppressions for the GC which trigger incorrect warnings. Use it like this:

    valgrind --suppressions=mono.supp mono ...

DTRACE

On some platforms, Mono can expose a set of DTrace probes (also known as user-land statically defined, USDT Probes).

They are defined in the file `mono.d'.

ves-init-begin, ves-init-end

Begin and end of runtime initialization.

method-compile-begin, method-compile-end

Begin and end of method compilation. The probe arguments are class name, method name and signature, and in case of method-compile-end success or failure of compilation.

gc-begin, gc-end

Begin and end of Garbage Collection.

To verify the availability of the probes, run:

    dtrace -P mono'$target' -l -c mono

PERMISSIONS

Mono's Ping implementation for detecting network reachability can create the ICMP packets itself without requiring the system ping command to do the work. If you want to enable this on Linux for non-root users, you need to give the Mono binary special permissions.

As root, run this command:

   # setcap cap_net_raw=+ep /usr/bin/mono

FILES

On Unix assemblies are loaded from the installation lib directory. If you set `prefix' to /usr, the assemblies will be located in /usr/lib. On Windows, the assemblies are loaded from the directory where mono and mint live.

~/.mono/aot-cache

The directory for the ahead-of-time compiler demand creation assemblies are located.

/etc/mono/config, ~/.mono/config

Mono runtime configuration file. See the mono-config(5) manual page for more information.

~/.config/.mono/certs, /usr/share/.mono/certs

Contains Mono certificate stores for users / machine. See the certmgr(1) manual page for more information on managing certificate stores and the mozroots(1) page for information on how to import the Mozilla root certificates into the Mono certificate store.

~/.mono/assemblies/ASSEMBLY/ASSEMBLY.config

Files in this directory allow a user to customize the configuration for a given system assembly, the format is the one described in the mono-config(5) page.

~/.config/.mono/keypairs, /usr/share/.mono/keypairs

Contains Mono cryptographic keypairs for users / machine. They can be accessed by using a CspParameters object with DSACryptoServiceProvider and RSACryptoServiceProvider classes.

~/.config/.isolatedstorage, ~/.local/share/.isolatedstorage, /usr/share/.isolatedstorage

Contains Mono isolated storage for non-roaming users, roaming users and local machine. Isolated storage can be accessed using the classes from the System.IO.IsolatedStorage namespace.

<assembly>.config

Configuration information for individual assemblies is loaded by the runtime from side-by-side files with the .config files, see the http://www.mono-project.com/Config for more information.

Web.config, web.config

ASP.NET applications are configured through these files, the configuration is done on a per-directory basis. For more information on this subject see the http://www.mono-project.com/Config_system.web page.

MAILING LISTS

Mailing lists are listed at the http://www.mono-project.com/community/help/mailing-lists/

WEB SITE

http://www.mono-project.com