SYNOPSIS
use String::Tokenizer;
# create the tokenizer and tokenize input
my $tokenizer = String::Tokenizer->new("((5+5) * 10)", '+*()');
# create tokenizer
my $tokenizer = String::Tokenizer->new();
# ... then tokenize the string
$tokenizer->tokenize("((5 + 5) - 10)", '()');
# will print '(, (, 5, +, 5, ), -, 10, )'
print join ", " => $tokenizer->getTokens();
# create tokenizer which retains whitespace
my $st = String::Tokenizer->new(
'this is a test with, (significant) whitespace',
',()',
String::Tokenizer->RETAIN_WHITESPACE
);
# this will print:
# 'this', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'a', ' ', 'test', ' ', 'with', ' ', '(', 'significant', ')', ' ', 'whitespace'
print "'" . (join "', '" => $tokenizer->getTokens()) . "'";
# get a token iterator
my $i = $tokenizer->iterator();
while ($i->hasNextToken()) {
my $next = $i->nextToken();
# peek ahead at the next token
my $look_ahead = $i->lookAheadToken();
# ...
# skip the next 2 tokens
$i->skipTokens(2);
# ...
# then backtrack 1 token
my $previous = $i->prevToken();
# ...
# get the current token
my $current = $i->currentToken();
# ...
}
DESCRIPTION
A simple string tokenizer which takes a string and splits it on whitespace. It also optionally takes a string of characters to use as delimiters, and returns them with the token set as well. This allows for splitting the string in many different ways.This is a very basic tokenizer, so more complex needs should be either addressed with a custom written tokenizer or post-processing of the output generated by this module. Basically, this will not fill everyone's needs, but it spans a gap between simple "split / /, $string" and the other options that involve much larger and complex modules.
Also note that this is not a lexical analyser. Many people confuse tokenization with lexical analysis. A tokenizer merely splits its input into specific chunks, a lexical analyzer classifies those chunks. Sometimes these two steps are combined, but not here.
METHODS
- new ($string, $delimiters, $handle_whitespace)
- If you do not supply any parameters, nothing happens, the instance is just created. But if you do supply parameters, they are passed on to the "tokenize" method and that method is run. For information about those arguments, see "tokenize" below.
- setDelimiter ($delimiter)
- This can be used to set the delimiter string, this is used by "tokenize".
- handleWhitespace ($value)
- This can be used to set the whitespace handling. It accepts one of the two constant values "RETAIN_WHITESPACE" or "IGNORE_WHITESPACE".
- tokenize ($string, $delimiters, $handle_whitespace)
-
Takes a $string to tokenize, and optionally a set of $delimiter characters to facilitate the tokenization and the type of whitespace handling with $handle_whitespace. The $string parameter and the $handle_whitespace parameter are pretty obvious, the $delimiter parameter is not as transparent. $delimiter is a string of characters, these characters are then separated into individual characters and are used to split the $string with. So given this string:
(5 + (100 * (20 - 35)) + 4)
The "tokenize" method without a $delimiter parameter would return the following comma separated list of tokens:
'(5', '+', '(100', '*', '(20', '-', '35))', '+', '4)'
However, if you were to pass the following set of delimiters "(, )" to "tokenize", you would get the following comma separated list of tokens:
'(', '5', '+', '(', '100', '*', '(', '20', '-', '35', ')', ')', '+', '4', ')'We now can differentiate the parens from the numbers, and no globbing occurs. If you wanted to allow for optionally leaving out the whitespace in the expression, like this:
(5+(100*(20-35))+4)
as some languages do. Then you would give this delimiter "+*-()" to arrive at the same result.
If you decide that whitespace is significant in your string, then you need to specify that like this:
my $st = String::Tokenizer->new( 'this is a test with, (significant) whitespace', ',()', String::Tokenizer->RETAIN_WHITESPACE );A call to "getTokens" on this instance would result in the following token set.
'this', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'a', ' ', 'test', ' ', 'with', ' ', '(', 'significant', ')', ' ', 'whitespace'All running whitespace is grouped together into a single token, we make no attempt to split it into its individual parts.
- getTokens
- Simply returns the array of tokens. It returns an array-ref in scalar context.
- iterator
- Returns a String::Tokenizer::Iterator instance, see below for more details.
INNER CLASS
A String::Tokenizer::Iterator instance is returned from the String::Tokenizer's "iterator" method and serves as yet another means of iterating through an array of tokens. The simplest way would be to call "getTokens" and just manipulate the array yourself, or push the array into another object. However, iterating through a set of tokens tends to get messy when done manually. So here I have provided the String::Tokenizer::Iterator to address those common token processing idioms. It is basically a bi-directional iterator which can look ahead, skip and be reset to the beginning.NOTE: String::Tokenizer::Iterator is an inner class, which means that only String::Tokenizer objects can create an instance of it. That said, if String::Tokenizer::Iterator's "new" method is called from outside of the String::Tokenizer package, an exception is thrown.
- new ($tokens_array_ref)
- This accepts an array reference of tokens and sets up the iterator. This method can only be called from within the String::Tokenizer package, otherwise an exception will be thrown.
- reset
- This will reset the internal counter, bringing it back to the beginning of the token list.
- hasNextToken
- This will return true (1) if there are more tokens to be iterated over, and false (0) otherwise.
- hasPrevToken
- This will return true (1) if the beginning of the token list has been reached, and false (0) otherwise.
- nextToken
- This dispenses the next available token, and move the internal counter ahead by one.
- prevToken
- This dispenses the previous token, and moves the internal counter back by one.
- currentToken
- This returns the current token, which will match the last token retrieved by "nextToken".
- lookAheadToken
- This peeks ahead one token to the next one in the list. This item will match the next item dispensed with "nextToken". This is a non-destructive look ahead, meaning it does not alter the position of the internal counter.
- skipToken
- This will jump the internal counter ahead by 1.
- skipTokens ($number_to_skip)
- This will jump the internal counter ahead by $number_to_skip.
- skipTokenIfWhitespace
- This will skip the next token if it is whitespace.
- skipTokensUntil ($token_to_match)
- Given a string as a $token_to_match, this will skip all tokens until it matches that string. If the $token_to_match is never matched, then the iterator will return the internal pointer to its initial state.
- collectTokensUntil ($token_to_match)
- Given a string as a $token_to_match, this will collect all tokens until it matches that string, at which point the collected tokens will be returned. If the $token_to_match is never matched, then the iterator will return the internal pointer to its initial state and no tokens will be returned.
TO DO
- Inline token expansion
-
The Java StringTokenizer class allows for a token to be tokenized further, therefore breaking it up more and including the results into the current token stream. I have never used this feature in this class, but I can see where it might be a useful one. This may be in the next release if it works out.
Possibly compliment this expansion with compression as well, so for instance double quoted strings could be compressed into a single token.
- Token Bookmarks
- Allow for the creation of ``token bookmarks''. Meaning we could tag a specific token with a label, that index could be returned to from any point in the token stream. We could mix this with a memory stack as well, so that we would have an ordering to the bookmarks as well.
BUGS
None that I am aware of. Of course, if you find a bug, let me know, and I will be sure to fix it.CODE COVERAGE
I use Devel::Cover to test the code coverage of my tests, below is the Devel::Cover report on this module's test suite.
------------------------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ File stmt branch cond sub pod time total ------------------------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ String/Tokenizer.pm 100.0 100.0 64.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.6 ------------------------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ Total 100.0 100.0 64.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.6 ------------------------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
THANKS
- Thanks to Stephan Tobias for finding bugs and suggestions on whitespace handling.
AUTHOR
stevan little, <[email protected]>COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright 2004-2016 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.