SYNOPSIS
[-bBcdehKkmnsStV ] [-I path ] [-[i]D sym [= val ] ] [-[i]U sym ] ... [-f defile ] [-x Bro 012 Brc ] [-M backext ] [-o outfile ] [infile ... ]unifdefall [-I path ] ... file
DESCRIPTION
The utility selectively processes conditional cpp(1) directives. It removes from a file both the directives and any additional text that they specify should be removed, while otherwise leaving the file alone.The utility acts on #if , #ifdef , #ifndef #elif , #else and #endif lines, using macros specified in -D and -U command line options or in -f definitions files. A directive is processed if the macro specifications are sufficient to provide a definite value for its control expression. If the result is false, the directive and the following lines under its control are removed. If the result is true, only the directive is removed. An #ifdef or #ifndef directive is passed through unchanged if its controlling macro is not specified. Any #if or #elif control expression that has an unknown value or that cannot parse is passed through unchanged. By default, ignores #if and #elif lines with constant expressions; it can be told to process them by specifying the -k flag on the command line.
It understands a commonly-used subset of the expression syntax for #if and #elif lines: integer constants, integer values of macros defined on the command line, the Fn defined operator, the operators ! , < , > <= , >= , == , != && , || and parenthesized expressions. A kind of ``short circuit'' evaluation is used for the && operator: if either operand is definitely false then the result is false, even if the value of the other operand is unknown. Similarly, if either operand of || is definitely true then the result is true.
When evaluating an expression, does not expand macros first. The value of a macro must be a simple number, not an expression. A limited form of indirection is allowed, where one macro's value is the name of another.
In most cases, does not distinguish between object-like macros (without arguments) and function-like macros (with arguments). A function-like macro invocation can appear in #if and #elif control expressions. If the macro is not explicitly defined, or is defined with the -D flag on the command-line, or with #define in a -f definitions file, its arguments are ignored. If a macro is explicitly undefined on the command line with the -U flag, or with #undef in a -f definitions file, it may not have any arguments since this leads to a syntax error.
The utility understands just enough about C to know when one of the directives is inactive because it is inside a comment, or affected by a backslash-continued line. It spots unusually-formatted preprocessor directives and knows when the layout is too odd for it to handle.
A script called unifdefall can be used to remove all conditional cpp(1) directives from a file. It uses -s and cpp -dM to get lists of all the controlling macros and their definitions (or lack thereof), then invokes with appropriate arguments to process the file.
OPTIONS
- -D sym = val
-
Specify that a macro is defined to a given value.
- -D sym
-
Specify that a macro is defined to the value 1.
- -U sym
-
Specify that a macro is undefined.
If the same macro appears in more than one argument, the last occurrence dominates.
- -iD sym [= val ]
- -iU sym
-
C strings, comments,
and line continuations
are ignored within
#ifdef
and
#ifndef
blocks
controlled by macros
specified with these options.
- -f defile
-
The file
defile
contains
#define
and
#undef
preprocessor directives,
which have the same effect as the corresponding
-D
and
-U
command-line arguments.
You can have multiple
-f
arguments and mix them with
-D
and
-U
arguments;
later options override earlier ones.
Each directive must be on a single line. Object-like macro definitions (without arguments) are set to the given value. Function-like macro definitions (with arguments) are treated as if they are set to 1.
- -b
-
Replace removed lines with blank lines
instead of deleting them.
Mutually exclusive with the
-B
option.
- -B
-
Compress blank lines around a deleted section.
Mutually exclusive with the
-b
option.
- -c
-
Complement,
i.e., lines that would have been removed or blanked
are retained and vice versa.
- -d
-
Turn on printing of debugging messages.
- -e
-
By default,
will report an error if it needs to remove
a preprocessor directive that spans more than one line,
for example, if it has a multi-line
comment hanging off its right hand end.
The
-e
flag makes it ignore the line instead.
- -h
-
Print help.
- -I path
-
Specifies to
unifdefall
an additional place to look for
#include
files.
This option is ignored by
for compatibility with
cpp(1)
and to simplify the implementation of
unifdefall
- -K
-
Always treat the result of
&&
and
||
operators as unknown if either operand is unknown,
instead of short-circuiting when unknown operands can't affect the result.
This option is for compatibility with older versions of
.
- -k
-
Process
#if
and
#elif
lines with constant expressions.
By default, sections controlled by such lines are passed through unchanged
because they typically start
``#if 0
''
and are used as a kind of comment to sketch out future or past development.
It would be rude to strip them out, just as it would be for normal comments.
- -m
-
Modify one or more input files in place.
- -M backext
-
Modify input files in place, and keep backups of the original files by
appending the
backext
to the input filenames.
- -n
-
Add
#line
directives to the output following any deleted lines,
so that errors produced when compiling the output file correspond to
line numbers in the input file.
- -o outfile
-
Write output to the file
outfile
instead of the standard output when processing a single file.
- -s
-
Instead of processing an input file as usual,
this option causes
to produce a list of macros that are used in
preprocessor directive controlling expressions.
- -S
-
Like the
-s
option, but the nesting depth of each macro is also printed.
This is useful for working out the number of possible combinations
of interdependent defined/undefined macros.
- -t
-
Disables parsing for C strings, comments,
and line continuations,
which is useful
for plain text.
This is a blanket version of the
-iD
and
-iU
flags.
- -V
-
Print version details.
- -x Bro 012 Brc
- Set exit status mode to zero, one, or two. See the Sx EXIT STATUS section below for details.
The utility takes its input from stdin if there are no file arguments. You must use the -m or -M options if there are multiple input files. You can specify inut from stdin or output to stdout with `-'
The utility works nicely with the -D sym option of diff(1).
EXIT STATUS
In normal usage the utility's exit status depends on the mode set using the -x option.If the exit mode is zero (the default) then exits with status 0 if the output is an exact copy of the input, or with status 1 if the output differs.
If the exit mode is one, exits with status 1 if the output is unmodified or 0 if it differs.
If the exit mode is two, exits with status zero in both cases.
In all exit modes, exits with status 2 if there is an error.
The exit status is 0 if the -h or -V command line options are given.
DIAGNOSTICS
- Too many levels of nesting.
- Inappropriate
- #elif #else or #endif
- Obfuscated preprocessor control line.
- Premature
- EOF (with the line number of the most recent unterminated #if )
- EOF
- in comment.
HISTORY
The command appeared in BSD 2.9 ANSI~C support was added in Fx 4.7 .AUTHORS
The original implementation was written by An Dave Yost Aq [email protected] . An Tony Finch Aq [email protected] rewrote it to support ANSI~CBUGS
Expression evaluation is very limited.Handling one line at a time means preprocessor directives split across more than one physical line (because of comments or backslash-newline) cannot be handled in every situation.
Trigraphs are not recognized.
There is no support for macros with different definitions at different points in the source file.
The text-mode and ignore functionality does not correspond to modern cpp(1) behaviour.