SYNOPSIS
#include <getdata.h>- size_t gd_getdata(DIRFILE *dirfile, const char *field_code, off_t first_frame, off_t first_sample, size_t num_frames, size_t num_samples, gd_type_t return_type, void *data_out);
DESCRIPTION
The field_code may contain one of the representation suffixes listed in dirfile-format(5). If it does, gd_getdata() will compute the appropriate complex norm before returning the data.
The dirfile argument must point to a valid DIRFILE object previously created by a call to gd_open(3). The argument data_out must point to a valid memory location of sufficient size to hold all data requested.
Unless using GD_HERE (see below), the first sample returned will be
- first_frame * samples_per_frame + first_sample
as measured from the start of the dirfile, where samples_per_frame is the number of samples per frame as returned by gd_spf(3). The number of samples fetched is, similarly,
- num_frames * samples_per_frame + num_samples.
Although calling gd_getdata() using both samples and frames is possible, the function is typically called with either num_samples and first_sample, or num_frames and first_frames, equal to zero.
Instead of explicitly specifying the origin of the read, the caller may pass the special symbol GD_HERE as first_frame. This will result in the read occurring at the current position of the I/O pointer for the field (see GetData I/O Pointers below for a discussion of field I/O pointers). In this case, the value of first_sample is ignored.
The return_type argument should be one of the following symbols, which indicates the desired return type of the data:
-
- GD_UINT8
- unsigned 8-bit integer
- GD_INT8
- signed (two's complement) 8-bit integer
- GD_UINT16
- unsigned 16-bit integer
- GD_INT16
- signed (two's complement) 16-bit integer
- GD_UINT32
- unsigned 32-bit integer
- GD_INT32
- signed (two's complement) 32-bit integer
- GD_UINT64
- unsigned 64-bit integer
- GD_INT64
- signed (two's complement) 64-bit integer
- GD_FLOAT32
- IEEE-754 standard 32-bit single precision floating point number
- GD_FLOAT64
- IEEE-754 standard 64-bit double precision floating point number
- GD_COMPLEX64
- C99-conformant 64-bit single precision complex number
- GD_COMPLEX128
- C99-conformant 128-bit double precision complex number
- GD_NULL
- the null type: the database is queried as usual, but no data is returned. In this case, data_out is ignored and may be NULL.
The return type of the data need not be the same as the type of the data stored in the database. Type conversion will be performed as necessary to return the requested type. If the field_code does not indicate a representation, but conversion from a complex value to a purely real one is required, only the real portion of the requested vector will be returned.
Upon successful completion, the I/O pointer of the field will be on the sample immediately following the last sample returned, if possible. On error, the position of the I/O pointer is not specified, and may not even be well defined.
Behaviour While Reading Specific Field Types
- PHASE:
-
A forward-shifted
PHASE
field will always encounter the end-of-field marker before its input field does.
This has ramifications when reading
streaming data
with
gd_getdata()
and using
gd_nframes(3)
to gauge field lengths (that is: a
forward-shifted
PHASE
field always has less data in it than
gd_nframes(3)
implies that it does). As with any other field,
gd_getdata()
will return a short count whenever a read from a
PHASE
field encounters the end-of-field marker.
Backward-shifted PHASE fields do not suffer from this problem, since gd_getdata() pads reads past the beginning-of-field marker with NaN or zero as appropriate. Database creators who wish to use the PHASE field type with streaming data are encouraged to work around this limitation by only using backward-shifted PHASE fields, by writing RAW data at the maximal frame lag, and then back-shifting all data which should have been written earlier. Another possible work-around is to write systematically less data to the reference RAW field in proportion to the maximal forward phase shift. This method will work with applications which respect the database size reported by gd_nframes(3) resulting in these applications effectively ignoring all frames past the frame containing the maximally forward-shifted PHASE field's end-of-field marker.
- MPLEX:
-
Reading an
MPLEX
field typically requires GetData to read data before the range returned in order
to determine the value of the first sample returned. This can become expensive
if the encoding of the underlying RAW data does not support seeking backwards
(which is true of most compression encodings). How much preceding data GetData
searches for the initial value of the returned data can be adjusted, or the
lookback disabled completely, using
gd_mplex_lookback(3).
If the initial value of the field is not found in the data searched, GetData
will fill the returned vector, up to the next available sample of the
mulitplexed field, with zero for integer return types, or IEEE-754-conforming
NaN (not-a-number) for floating point return types, as it does when providing
data before the beginning-of-field.
GetData caches the value of the last sample from every MPLEX it reads so that a subsequent read of the field starting from the following sample (either through an explicit starting sample given by the caller or else implicitly using GD_HERE) will not need to scan the field backwards. This cache is invalidated if a different return type is used, or if an intervening operation moves the field's I/O pointer.
- WINDOW:
-
The samples of a
WINDOW
for which the field conditional is false will be filled with either zero for
integer return types, or IEEE-754-conforming NaN (not-a-number) for floating
point return types.
RETURN VALUE
In all cases, gd_getdata() returns the number of samples (not bytes) successfully read from the database. If the end-of-field is encountered before the requested number of samples have been read, a short count will result. The library does not consider this an error. Requests for data before the beginning-of-field marker, which may have been shifted from frame zero by the presence of a FRAMEOFFSET directive, will result in the the data being padded at the front by NaN or zero depending on whether the return type is of floating point or integral type.If an error has occurred, zero is returned and the dirfile error will be set to a non-zero value. Possible error values are:
- GD_E_ALLOC
- The library was unable to allocate memory.
- GD_E_BAD_CODE
- The field specified by field_code, or one of the fields it uses for input, was not found in the database.
- GD_E_BAD_DIRFILE
- An invalid dirfile was supplied.
- GD_E_BAD_SCALAR
- A scalar field used in the definition of the field was not found, or was not of scalar type.
- GD_E_BAD_TYPE
- An invalid return_type was specified.
- GD_E_DIMENSION
- The supplied field_code referred to a CONST,~CARRAY, or STRING field. The caller should use gd_get_constant(3),~gd_get_carray(3), or gd_get_string(3) instead. Or, a scalar field was found where a vector field was expected in the definition of field_code or one of its inputs.
- GD_E_DOMAIN
- An immediate read was attempted using GD_HERE, but the I/O pointer of the field was not well defined because two or more of the field's inputs did not agree as to the location of the I/O pointer.
- GD_E_INTERNAL_ERROR
- An internal error occurred in the library while trying to perform the task. This indicates a bug in the library. Please report the incident to the maintainer.
- GD_E_IO
- An error occurred while trying to open or read from a file on disk containing a raw field or LINTERP table.
- GD_E_LUT
- A LINTERP table was malformed.
- GD_E_RANGE
- An attempt was made to read data outside the addressable Dirfile range (more than 2**63 samples past the start of the dirfile).
- GD_E_RECURSE_LEVEL
- Too many levels of recursion were encountered while trying to resolve field_code. This usually indicates a circular dependency in field specification in the dirfile.
- GD_E_UNKNOWN_ENCODING
- The encoding scheme of a RAW field could not be determined. This may also indicate that the binary file associated with the RAW field could not be found.
- GD_E_UNSUPPORTED
- Reading from dirfiles with the encoding scheme of the specified dirfile is not supported by the library. See dirfile-encoding(5) for details on dirfile encoding schemes.
The dirfile error may be retrieved by calling gd_error(3). A descriptive error string for the last error encountered can be obtained from a call to gd_error_string(3).
NOTES
To save memory, gd_getdata() uses the memory pointed to by data_out as scratch space while computing derived fields. As a result, if an error is encountered during the computation, the contents of this memory buffer are unspecified, and may have been modified by this call, even though gd_getdata() will report zero samples returned on error.Reading slim-compressed data (see defile-encoding(5)), may cause unexpected memory usage. This is because slimlib internally caches open decompressed files as they are read, and GetData doesn't close data files between gd_getdata() calls for efficiency's sake. Memory used by this internal slimlib buffer can be reclaimed by calling gd_raw_close(3) on fields when finished reading them.
When operating on a platform whose size_t is N-bytes wide, a single call of gd_getdata() will never return more than (2**(N-1) - 1) samples. The request will be truncated at (2**(N-M) - 1) samples, where M is the size, in bytes, of the largest data type used to calculate the returned field. If a larger request is specified, less data than requested will be returned, without raising an error. This limit is imposed even when return_type is GD_NULL or when reading from the INDEX field (i.e., even when no actual I/O or calculation occurs). In all cases, the actual amount of data is returned.
GETDATA I/O POINTERS
This is a general discussion of field I/O pointers in the GetData library, and contains information not directly applicable to gd_getdata().Every RAW field in an open Dirfile has an I/O pointer which indicates the library's current read and write poisition in the field. These I/O pointers are useful when performing sequential reads or writes on Dirfile fields (see GD_HERE in the description above). The value of the I/O pointer of a field is reported by gd_tell(3).
Derived fields have virtual I/O pointers arising from the I/O pointers of their input fields. These virtual I/O pointers may be valid (when all input fields agree on their position in the dirfile) or invalid (when the input fields are not in agreement). The I/O pointer of some derived fields is always invalid. The usual reason for this is the derived field simultaneously reading from two different places in the same RAW field. For example, given the following Dirfile metadata specification:
-
a RAW UINT8 1
b PHASE a 1
c LINCOM 2 a 1 0 b 1 0
the derived field c never has a valid I/O pointer, since any particular sample of c ultimately involves reading from more than one place in the RAW field a. Attempting to perform sequential reads or writes (with GD_HERE) on a derived field when its I/O pointer is invalid will result in an error (specifically, GD_E_DOMAIN).
The implicit INDEX field has an effective I/O pointer than mostly behaves like a true RAW field I/O pointer, except that it permits simultaneous reads from multiple locations. So, given the following metadata specification:
-
d PHASE INDEX 1
e LINCOM 2 INDEX 1 0 d 1 0
the I/O pointer of the derived field e will always be valid, unlike the similarly defined c above. The virtual I/O pointer of a derived field will change in response to movement of the RAW I/O pointers underlying the derived fields inputs, and vice versa: moving the I/O pointer of a derived field will move the I/O pointer of the RAW fields from which it ultimately derives. As a result, the I/O pointer of any particular field may move in unexpected ways if multiple fields are manipulated at the same time.
When a Dirfile is first opened, the I/O pointer of every RAW field is set to the beginning-of-frame (the value returned by gd_bof(3)), as is the I/O pointer of any newly-created RAW field.
The following library calls cause I/O pointers to move:
- gd_getdata() and gd_putdata(3)
- These functions move the I/O pointer of affected fields to the sample immediately following the last sample read or written, both when performed at an absolutely specified position and when called for a sequential read or write using GD_HERE. When reading a derived field which simultaneously reads from more than one place in a RAW field (such as c above), the position of that RAW field's I/O pointer is unspecified (that is: it is not specified which input field is read first).
- gd_seek(3)
- This function is used to manipulate I/O pointers directly.
- gd_flush(3) and gd_raw_close(3)
- These functions set the I/O pointer of any RAW field which is closed back to the beginning-of-field.
- calls which result in modifications to raw data files:
-
this may happen when calling any of:
gd_alter_encoding(3), gd_alter_endianness(3),
gd_alter_frameoffset(3), gd_alter_entry(3),
gd_alter_raw(3), gd_alter_spec(3), gd_malter_spec(3),
gd_move(3),
or
gd_rename(3);
these functions close affected
RAW
fields before making changes to the raw data files, and so reset the
corresponding I/O pointers to the beginning-of-field.
In general, when these calls fail, the I/O pointers of affected fields may be anything, even out-of-bounds or invalid. After an error, the caller should issue an explicit gd_seek(3) to repoisition I/O pointers before attempting further sequential operations.