SYNOPSIS
xymonnet [--ping|--noping] [--timeout=N] [options] [hostname] [hostname](See the OPTIONS section for a description of the available command-line options).
DESCRIPTION
xymonnet(1) handles the network tests of hosts defined in the Xymon configuration file, hosts.cfg. It is normally run at regular intervals by xymonlaunch(8) via an entry in the tasks.cfg(5) file.xymonnet does all of the normal tests of TCP-based network services (telnet, ftp, ssh, smtp, pop, imap ....) - i.e. all of the services listed in protocols.cfg. For these tests, a completely new and very speedy service- checker has been implemented.
xymonnet has built-in support for testing SSL-enabled protocols, e.g. imaps, pop3s, nntps, telnets, if SSL-support was enabled when configuring xymonnet. The full list of known tests is found in the protocols.cfg(5) file in $XYMONHOME/etc/protocols.cfg.
In addition, it implements the "dns" and "dig" tests for testing DNS servers.
xymonnet also implements a check for NTP servers - this test is called "ntp". If you want to use it, you must define the NTPDATE environment variable to point at the location of your ntpdate(1) program.
Note: xymonnet performs the connectivity test (ping) based on the hostname, unless the host is tagged with "testip" or the "--dns=ip" option is used. So the target of the connectivity test can be determined by your /etc/hosts file or DNS.
By default, all servers are tested - if XYMONNETWORK is set via xymonserver.cfg(5) then only the hosts marked as belonging to this network are tested. If the command-line includes one or more hostnames, then only those servers are tested.
GENERAL OPTIONS
- --timeout=N
-
Determines the timeout (in seconds) for each
service that is tested. For TCP tests (those from XYMONNETSVCS),
if the connection to the service does not succeed within N
seconds, the service is reported as being down. For HTTP
tests, this is the absolute limit for the entire request
to the webserver (the time needed to connect to the server,
plus the time it takes the server to respond to the request).
Default: 10 seconds
- --conntimeout=N
-
This option is deprecated, and will be ignored. Use the
--timeout option instead.
- --cmdtimeout=N
-
This option sets a timeout for the external commands used for
testing of NTP and RPC services, and to perform traceroute.
- --concurrency=N
-
Determines the number of network tests that
run in parallel. Default is operating system dependent,
but will usually be 256. If xymonnet begins to complain
about not being able to get a "socket", try running
xymonnet with a lower value like 50 or 100.
- --dns-timeout=N (default: 30 seconds)
-
xymonnet will timeout all DNS lookups after N seconds.
Any pending DNS lookups are regarded as failed, i.e. the
network tests that depend on this DNS lookup will report
an error.
Note: If you use the --no-ares option, timeout of DNS lookups cannot be controlled by xymonnet. - --dns-max-all=N
-
Same as "--dns-timeout=N". The "--dns-max-all" option is
deprecated and should not be used.
- --dns=[ip|only|standard]
-
Determines how xymonnet finds the IP addresses of the hosts to test.
By default (the "standard"), xymonnet does a DNS lookup of the hostname
to determine the IP address, unless the host has the "testip"
tag, or the DNS lookup fails.
With "--dns=only" xymonnet will ONLY do the DNS lookup; if it fails, then all services on that host will be reported as being down.
With "--dns=ip" xymonnet will never do a DNS lookup; it will use the IP adresse specified in hosts.cfg for the tests. Thus, this setting is equivalent to having the "testip" tag on all hosts. Note that http tests will ignore this setting and still perform a DNS lookup for the hostname given in the URL; see the "xymonnet tags for HTTP tests" section in hosts.cfg(5) - --no-ares
-
Disable the ARES resolver built into xymonnet. This makes
xymonnet resolve hostnames using your system resolver
function. You should only use this as a last resort if xymonnet
cannot resolve the hostnames you use in the normal way (via DNS
or /etc/hosts). One reason for using this would be if you need to
resolve hostnames via NIS/NIS+ (a.k.a. Yellow Pages).
The system resolver function does not provide a mechanism for controlling timeouts of the hostname lookups, so if your DNS or NIS server is down, xymonnet can take a very long time to run. The --dns-timeout option is effectively disabled when using this option. - --dnslog=FILENAME
-
Log failed hostname lookups to the file FILENAME. FILENAME should
be a full pathname.
- --report[=COLUMNNAME]
-
With this option, xymonnet will send a status message with details
of how many hosts were processed, how many tests were generated,
any errors that occurred during the run, and some timing statistics.
The default columnname is "xymonnet".
- --test-untagged
-
When using the XYMONNETWORK environment variable to test
only hosts on a particular network segment, xymonnet
will ignore hosts that do not have any "NET:x" tag.
So only hosts that have a NET:$XYMONNETWORK tag will be
tested.
With this option, hosts with no NET: tag are included in the test, so that all hosts that either have a matching NET: tag, or no NET: tag at all are tested. - --frequenttestlimit=N
-
Used with the
xymonnet-again.sh(1)
Xymon extension. This option determines how long failed tests
remain in the frequent-test queue. The default is 1800
seconds (30 minutes).
- --timelimit=N
-
Causes xymonnet to generate a warning if the run-time
of xymonnet exceeds N seconds. By default N is set to
the value of TASKSLEEP, so a warning triggers if the
network tests cannot complete in the time given for one
cycle of the xymonnet task. Apart from the warning, this
option has no effect, i.e. it will not terminate xymonnet
prematurely. So to eliminate any such warnings, use this
option with a very high value of N.
- --huge=N
-
Warn if the response from a TCP test is more than N bytes.
If you see from the xymonnet status report that you are
transferring large amounts of data for your tests, you can
enable this option to see which tests have large replies.
Default: 0 (disabled). - --validity=N
-
Make the test results valid for N minutes before they go purple.
By default test results are valid for 30 minutes; if you run xymonnet
less often than that, the results will go purple before the next run
of xymonnet. This option lets you change how long the status is
valid.
- --source-ip=IPADDRESS
-
On multi-homed hosts, this option can be used to explicitly
select the source IP address used for the network tests.
"IPADDRESS" must be a valid IP-address on the host running
xymonnet.
- --loadhostsfromxymond
-
Instead of reading the hosts.cfg file, xymonnet will load the
hosts.cfg configuration from the xymond daemon. This eliminates
the need for reading the hosts.cfg, and if you have xymond and
xymonnet running on different hosts, it also eliminates the need
for copying the hosts.cfg file between systems. Note that the
"netinclude" option in hosts.cfg is ignored when this option is
enabled.
OPTIONS FOR TESTS OF THE SIMPLE TCP SERVICES
- --checkresponse[=COLOR]
-
When testing well-known services (e.g. FTP, SSH, SMTP, POP-2, POP-3,
IMAP, NNTP and rsync), xymonnet will look for a valid service-specific
"OK" response. If another reponse is seen, this will cause
the test to report a warning (yellow) status. Without this
option, the response from the service is ignored.
The optional color-name is used to select a color other than yellow for the status message when the response is wrong. E.g. "--checkresponse=red" will cause a "red" status message to be sent when the service does not respond as expected. - --no-flags
-
By default, xymonnet sends some extra information in the
status messages, called "flags". These are used by xymongen
e.g. to pick different icons for reversed tests when
generating the Xymon webpages. This option makes
xymonnet omit these flags from the status messages.
- --shuffle
-
By default, TCP tests run roughly in the order that the hosts
are listed in the hosts.cfg file. If you have many tests for
one server, this may result in an exceptionally large
load when Xymon is testing it because Xymon will perform
a lot of tests at the same time. To avoid this, the
--shuffle option reorders the sequence of tests
so they are spread randomly across all of the servers
tested.
OPTIONS FOR THE PING TEST
Note: xymonnet uses the program defined by the FPING environment to execute ping-tests - by default, that is the xymonping(1) utility. See xymonserver.cfg(5) for a description of how to customize this, e.g. if you need to run it with "sudo" or a similar tool.
- --ping
-
Enables xymonnet's ping test. The column name used for
ping test results is defined by the PINGCOLUMN environment
variable in
xymonserver.cfg(5).
If not specified, xymonnet uses the CONNTEST environment variable to determine if it should perform the ping test or not. So if you prefer to use another tool to implement ping checks, either set the CONNTEST environment variable to false, or run xymonnet with the "--noping". - --noping
-
Disable the connectivity test.
- --trace
- --notrace
-
Enable/disable the use of traceroute when a ping-test fails.
Performing a traceroute for failed ping tests is a slow
operation, so the default is not to do any traceroute, unless
it is requested on a per-host basis via the "trace" tag in the
hosts.cfg(5)
entry for each host. The "--trace" option changes this, so
the default becomes to run traceroute on all hosts where
the ping test fails; you can then disable it on specific
hosts by putting a "notrace" tag on the host-entry.
- --ping-tasks=N
-
Spread the task of pinging the hosts over N processes. If you have
a very large number of hosts the time it takes to ping all of them
can be substantial, even with the use of tools like fping or xymonping
that ping many hosts in parallel. This option causes xymonnet to
start N separate ping processes, the IP's that are being ping'ed will
be divided evenly between these processes.
OPTIONS FOR HTTP (WEB) TESTS
- --content=CONTENTTESTNAME
- Determines the name of the column Xymon displays for content checks. The default is "content". If you have used the "cont.sh" or "cont2.sh" scripts earlier, you may want to use "--content=cont" to report content checks using the same test name as these scripts do.
- --bb-proxy-syntax
-
Adhere to the Big Brother syntax for a URL, which allows specifying
a HTTP proxy as part of a URL. See "HTTP Testing via proxy" in the
hosts.cfg(5)
file for details. Beginning with Xymon 4.3.0, this behaviour is disabled
by default since URL's that include other URL's are now much more
common. This option restores the old Big Brother-compatible behaviour.
OPTIONS FOR SSL CERTIFICATE TESTS
- --ssl=SSLCERTTESTNAME
- Determines the name of the column Xymon displays for the SSL certificate checks. The default is "sslcert".
- --no-ssl
-
Disables reporting of the SSL certificate check.
- --sslwarn=N
- --sslalarm=N
-
Determines the number of days before an SSL certificate
expires, where xymonnet will generate a warning or
alarm status for the SSL certificate column.
- --sslbits=N
-
Enables checking that the encryption supported by the
SSL protocol uses an encryption key of at least N bits.
E.g. to trigger an alert if your SSL-enabled website
supports less than 128 bits of encryption, use "--sslbits=128".
Note: This can be enabled on a per-host basis using the
"sslbits=N" setting in
hosts.cfg(5)
- --sslkeysize=N
-
Enables checking of the length of the public key in SSL certificates.
N is the minimum size of the SSL public key, typically such keys
are 2048 bits, but some older certificates may use keys with 1024 bits
or less. If you specify this, SSL certificates with keys less than N
bits will result in the "sslcert" status going yellow.
Default: 0, i.e. this check is disabled.
- --no-cipherlist
-
Do not show encryption cipher details on the "sslcert" status.
- --showallciphers
-
List ALL locally available encryption ciphers on the "sslcert" status.
- --sni=[on|off]
-
Sets the default for whether SSL connections use SNI (Server Name
Indication). This can also be set with the "sni" or "nosni"
options in hosts.cfg for each host - the hosts.cfg entries
override this option.
Default: off
DEBUGGING OPTIONS
- --no-update
-
Don't send any status updates to the Xymon server. Instead,
all messages are dumped to stdout.
- --timing
-
Causes xymonnet to collect information about
the time spent in different parts of the program.
The information is printed on stdout just before
the program ends. Note that this information is also
included in the status report sent with the "--report"
option.
- --debug
-
Dumps a bunch of status about the tests as they
progress to stdout.
- --dump[=before|=after|=both]
-
Dumps internal memory structures before and/or after the
tests have executed.
INFORMATIONAL OPTIONS
- --help or -?
-
Provide a summary of available command-line options.
- --version
-
Prints the version number of xymonnet
- --services
-
Dump the list of defined TCP services xymonnet knows
how to test. Do not run any tests.
USING COOKIES IN WEB TESTS
If the file $XYMONHOME/etc/cookies exist, cookies will be read from this file and sent along with the HTTP requests when checking websites. This file is in the Netscape Cookie format, see http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html for details on this format. The curl(1) utility can output a file in this format if run with the "--cookie-jar FILENAME" option.
ABOUT SSL CERTIFICATE CHECKS
When xymonnet tests services that use SSL- or TLS-based protocols, it will check that the server certificate has not expired. This check happens automatically for https (secure web), pop3s, imaps, nntps and all other SSL-enabled services (except ldap, see LDAP TESTS below).All certificates found for a host are reported in one status message.
Note: On most systems, the end-date of the certificate is limited to Jan 19th, 2038. If your certificate is valid after this date, xymonnet will report it as valid only until Jan 19, 2038. This is due to limitations in your operating system C library. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2038_problem .
LDAP TESTS
ldap testing can be done in two ways. If you just put an "ldap" or "ldaps" tag in hosts.cfg, a simple test is performed that just verifies that it is possible to establish a connection to the port running the ldap service (389 for ldap, 636 for ldaps).Instead you can put an LDAP URI in hosts.cfg. This will cause xymonnet to initiate a full-blown LDAP session with the server, and do an LDAP search for the objects defined by the URI. This requires that xymonnet was built with LDAP support, and relies on an existing LDAP library to be installed. It has been tested with OpenLDAP 2.0.26 (from Red Hat 9) and 2.1.22. The Solaris 8 system ldap library has also been confirmed to work for un-encrypted (plain ldap) access.
The format of LDAP URI's is defined in RFC 2255. LDAP URLs look like this:
ldap://hostport/dn[?attrs[?scope[?filter[?exts]]]] where: hostport is a host name with an optional ":portnumber" dn is the search base attrs is a comma separated list of attributes to request scope is one of these three strings: base one sub (default=base) filter is filter exts are recognized set of LDAP and/or API extensions. Example: ldap://ldap.example.net/dc=example,dc=net?cn,sn?sub?(cn=*)
All "bind" operations to LDAP servers use simple authentication. Kerberos and SASL are not supported. If your LDAP server requires a username/password, use the "ldaplogin" tag to specify this, cf. hosts.cfg(5) If no username/password information is provided, an anonymous bind will be attempted.
SSL support requires both a client library and an LDAP server that support LDAPv3; it uses the LDAP "STARTTLS" protocol request after establishing a connection to the standard (non-encrypted) LDAP port (usually port 389). It has only been tested with OpenSSL 2.x, and probably will not work with any other LDAP library.
The older LDAPv2 experimental method of tunnelling normal LDAP traffic through an SSL connection - ldaps, running on port 636 - is not supported, unless someone can explain how to get the OpenLDAP library to support it. This method was never formally described in an RFC, and implementations of it are non-standard.
For a discussion of the various ways of running encrypted ldap, see
http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-software/200305/msg00079.html
http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-software/200305/msg00084.html
http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-software/200201/msg00042.html
http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-software/200206/msg00387.html
When testing LDAP URI's, all of the communications are handled by the ldap library. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain the SSL certificate used by the LDAP server, and it will not show up in the "sslcert" column.
USING MULTIPLE NETWORK TEST SYSTEMS
If you have more than one system running network tests - e.g. if your network is separated by firewalls - then is is problematic to maintain multiple hosts.cfg files for each of the systems. xymonnet supports the NET:location tag in hosts.cfg(5) to distinguish between hosts that should be tested from different network locations. If you set the environment variable XYMONNETWORK e.g. to "dmz" before running xymonnet, then it will only test hosts that have a "NET:dmz" tag in hosts.cfg. This allows you to keep all of your hosts in the same hosts.cfg file, but test different sets of hosts by different systems running xymonnet.
XYMONNET INTERNALS
xymonnet first reads the protocols.cfg file to see which network tests are defined. It then scans the hosts.cfg file, and collects information about the TCP service tests that need to be tested. It picks out only the tests that were listed in the protocols.cfg file, plus the "dns", "dig" and "ntp" tests.It then runs two tasks in parallel: First, a separate process is started to run the "xymonping" tool for the connectivity tests. While xymonping is busy doing the "ping" checks, xymonnet runs all of the TCP-based network tests.
All of the TCP-based service checks are handled by a connection tester written specifically for this purpose. It uses only standard Unix-style network programming, but relies on the Unix "select(2)" system-call to handle many simultaneous connections happening in parallel. Exactly how many parallel connections are being used depends on your operating system - the default is FD_SETSIZE/4, which amounts to 256 on many Unix systems.
You can choose the number of concurrent connections with the "--concurrency=N" option to xymonnet.
Connection attempts timeout after 10 seconds - this can be changed with the "--timeout=N" option.
Both of these settings play a part in deciding how long the testing takes. A conservative estimate for doing N TCP tests is:
(1 + (N / concurrency)) * timeout
In real life it will probably be less, as the above formula is for every test to require a timeout. Since the most normal use of Xymon is to check for services that are active, you should have a lot less timeouts.
The "ntp" and "rpcinfo" checks rely on external programs to do each test.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
- XYMONNETWORK
-
Defines the network segment where xymonnet is currently running.
This is used to filter out only the entries in the
hosts.cfg(5)
file that have a matching "NET:LOCATION" tag, and execute the
tests for only those hosts.
- MAXMSGSPERCOMBO
-
Defines the maximum number of status messages that can be sent in
one combo message. Default is 0 - no limit.
In practice, the maximum size of a single Xymon message sets a limit - the default value for the maximum message size is 32 KB, but that will easily accommodate 100 status messages per transmission. So if you want to experiment with this setting, I suggest starting with a value of 10. - SLEEPBETWEENMSGS
-
Defines a a delay (in microseconds) after each
message is transmitted to the Xymon server. The default
is 0, i.e. send the messages as fast as possible.
This gives your Xymon server some time to process the
message before the next message comes in. Depending on
the speed of your Xymon server, it may be necessary
to set this value to half a second or even 1 or 2 seconds.
Note that the value is specified in MICROseconds, so to
define a delay of half a second, this must be set to
the value "500000"; a delay of 1 second is achieved by
setting this to "1000000" (one million).
- FPING
-
Command used to run the
xymonping(1)
utility. Used by xymonnet for connectivity (ping) testing. See
xymonserver.cfg(5)
for more information about how to customize the program that is
executed to do ping tests.
- TRACEROUTE
-
Location of the
traceroute(8)
utility, or an equivalent tool e.g.
mtr(8).
Optionally used when a connectivity test fails to pinpoint the
network location that is causing the failure.
- NTPDATE
-
Location of the
ntpdate(1)
utility. Used by xymonnet when checking the "ntp" service.
- RPCINFO
-
Location of the
rpcinfo(8)
utility. Used by xymonnet for the "rpc" service checks.
FILES
- ~/server/etc/protocols.cfg
-
This file contains definitions of TCP services that xymonnet
can test. Definitions for a default set of common services is built
into xymonnet, but these can be overridden or supplemented by
defining services in the protocols.cfg file. See
protocols.cfg(5)
for details on this file.
- $XYMONHOME/etc/netrc - authentication data for password-protected webs
-
If you have password-protected sites, you can put the usernames and
passwords for these here. They will then get picked up automatically
when running your network tests. This works for web-sites that use
the "Basic" authentication scheme in HTTP.
See
ftp(1)
for details - a sample entry would look like this
machine www.acme.com login fred password Wilma1
Note that the machine-name must be the name you use in the http://machinename/ URL setting - it need not be the one you use for the system-name in Xymon. - $XYMONHOME/etc/cookies
-
This file may contain website cookies, in the Netscape HTTP
Cookie format. If a website requires a static cookie to be
present in order for the check to complete, then you can add
this cookie to this file, and it will be sent along with the
HTTP request. To get the cookies into this file, you can use
the "curl --cookie-jar FILE" to request the URL that sets
the cookie.
- $XYMONTMP/*.status - test status summary
-
Each time xymonnet runs, if any tests fail (i.e. they result
in a red status) then they will be listed in a file name
TESTNAME.[LOCATION].status. The LOCATION part may be null. This
file is used to determine how long the failure has lasted, which
in turn decides if this test should be included in the tests done by
xymonnet-again.sh(1)
It is also used internally by xymonnet when determining the color for tests that use the "badconn" or "badTESTNAME" tags. - $XYMONTMP/frequenttests.[LOCATION]
-
This file contains the hostnames of those hosts that should be
retested by the
xymonnet-again.sh(1)
test tool. It is updated only by xymonnet during the normal
runs, and read by xymonnet-again.sh.