SYNOPSIS

setup-storage [-X] [-f filename] [-d] [-h] [-s] [-D disks] [-L directory]

DESCRIPTION

Using FAI disk_config files, setup-storage computes effective partition and volume sizes and executes the necessary commands to configure storage devices. It manages disk drives as well as RAID and LVM volumes plus encryption and tmpfs. It handles following filesystems: ext2/3/4, vFAT(FAT32), msdos(FAT16), reiserFS, XFS and BTRFS but is flexible enough to be extended to further types as well. Once the storage devices are prepared, an appropriate fstab(5) (and possibly also a crypttab(5) file is generated.

Without the -X parameter setup-storage runs in test-only mode and does not execute commands other than writing disk labels to a blank disk.

The exit code of setup-storage is 0 if all operations were performed successfully and non-zero if an error occurs.

OPTIONS

-X

Really write the configuration to disk. Otherwise setup-storage runs in test-only mode.

-f filename

Normally setup-storage selects an appropriate configuration from $FAI/disk_config/ by picking the class with the highest priority from classes that has an existing file. If however -f is given the configuration in filename is used.

-d

Enable debugging output. Equivalent to environment variable debug set to a non-zero value. See below for further details.

-s

Perform syntax check of disk_config file only and exit.

-D disks

Specify the list of disk drives to be configured using setup-storage. Overrides disklist.Donotforgettoquotethisspaceseparatedlist.

-L directory

Use the specified directory instead of LOGDIR.

-h

Display the synopsis and version info and exit.

FILES

If setup-storage executes successfully, an fstab(5) file matching the specified configuration is generated as $LOGDIR/fstab. Furthermore the file $LOGDIR/disk_var.sh is generated. This file defines the following variables, if not yet set: SWAPLIST, ROOT_PARTITION, BOOT_PARTITION (which is only set in case this resides on a disk drive), and BOOT_DEVICE. The latter two describe the partition and disk/RAID/LVM device hosting the mount point for /boot. If /boot has no extra mount point, / is used instead. You may source $LOGDIR/disk_var.sh to get the variables set. The example config space shipped with FAI sources this file in scripts/GRUB_PC/10-setup. If encryption was configured, a proper crypttab(5) file plus key files will be generated.

EXAMPLES

setup-storage configures storage devices according to a FAI disk_config file. The full grammar describing the syntax of these disk_config files is given below. First we show a number of examples to give an intuition what these should look like.

Simple configuration of /dev/hda

disk_config hda preserve_always:6,7 disklabel:msdos bootable:3
primary /boot   20-100  ext3    rw
primary swap    1000    swap    sw
primary /       12000   ext3    rw      createopts="-b 2048"
logical /tmp    1000    ext3    rw,nosuid
logical /usr    5000    ext3    rw
logical /var    10%-    ext3    rw
logical /nobackup       0-      xfs     rw

•

Preserve /dev/hda6 and /dev/hda7. The disklabel is msdos which is the default for x86. Furthermore, partition /dev/hda3 is made bootable.

•

Create a primary partition /dev/hda1 with a size between 20 and 100 MiB and mount it read-write as /boot; it is formatted using ext3 filesystem.

•

/dev/hda2 will be a swap space of 1000 MiB

•

/dev/hda3 should be formatted using ext3 filesystem; when calling mkfs.ext3 the option "-b 2048" is appended.

•

Create the logical partition /dev/hda5

•

Make /dev/hda7 at least 10% of the disk size

•

Use mkfs.xfs to format the partition 8

Create a softRAID

disk_config sda
primary	-	20GiB	-	-
primary	-	4GiB	-	-
disk_config sdb
primary	-	20GiB	-	-
primary	-	4GiB	-	-
disk_config raid
raid1	/	sda1,sdb1	ext3	rw
raid1	swap	sda2,sdb2	swap	sw

•

Create 2 partitions of size 20 and 4 GiB, respectively, on disks /dev/sda and /dev/sdb. No file system or fstab entry will be created.

•

Create a RAID-1 on /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1, format using mkfs.ext3 and mount it as /

•

Create a RAID-1 on /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdd2, prepare as swap space and use it as such later on.

Advanced softRAID features

disk_config raid
raid1	/	sda1,sdd1	ext2	rw,errors=remount-ro
raid0	-	disk2.2,sdc1,sde1:spare:missing	ext2	default

•

Create a RAID-1 on /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdd1, format using mkfs.ext2 and mount it as /

•

Create a RAID-0 on the second partition of the second disk, /dev/sdc1, and /dev/sde1 as a spare partition. The latter may be missing.

•

The configurations for /dev/sda, /dev/sdd, disk2, /dev/sdc, and /dev/sde are omitted in this example. These devices can be configured similar to the configuration shown in the first example. They may also already be properly set up and hence the configuration can be left out.

Simple LVM example

disk_config sda bootable:1
primary /boot   500     ext3    rw
primary -       4096-   -       -
disk_config lvm
vg      my_pv   sda2
my_pv-_swap     swap    2048    swap    sw
my_pv-_root     /       2048    ext3    rw

•

Configure /dev/sda with two partitions.

•

The second of those, /dev/sda2, is then used in the LVM volume group my_pv.

•

This volume group hosts two logical volumes: _swap and _root.

LVM on software RAID

disk_config disk1
primary -       350     -       -
primary swap    2G      swap    sw,pri=1
primary -       0-      -       -
disk_config sdb  sameas:disk1
disk_config raid fstabkey:uuid
raid1   /boot   disk1.1,disk2.1       ext4    rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro
raid1   -       disk1.3,disk2.3       -       -
disk_config lvm fstabkey:uuid
vg      vg_system       md1
vg_system-root  /       8G      ext4    rw,noatime
vg_system-var   /var    20G     ext4    rw,noatime
vg_system-home  /home   10G     ext4    rw,noatime,nosuid,nodev
vg_system-tmp   /tmp    30G     ext4    rw,noatime,nosuid,nodev

•

Configure the first and second disk identical with three partitions each.

•

The first partitions of each device are bundled into a RAID 1 (/dev/md0), which will be mounted at /boot.

•

The third partitions of each device are combined as another RAID 1, but not mounted. Instead, the resulting device /dev/md1 is used to host the LVM volume group vg_system.

Do not forget to install the packages mdadm and lvm2 into a system using this partition scheme. Also set rd.auto when using dracut as initrd generator.

Crypt example

disk_config /dev/sdb
primary /       21750   ext3    defaults,errors=remount-ro
primary /boot   250     ext3    defaults
logical -       4000    -       -
logical -       2000    -       -
logical -       10-     -       -
disk_config cryptsetup
swap    swap    /dev/sdb5       swap    defaults
tmp     /tmp    /dev/sdb6       ext2    defaults
luks    /local00        /dev/sdb7       ext3    defaults,errors=remount-ro  createopts="-m     0"

•

Configure /dev/sdb with 2 primary partitions, one extended partition, and 3 logical partitions.

•

Encrypt the swap space, /tmp, and /local00. As described in the CAVEATS section, the encryption keys will be stored in a temporary directory only.

tmpfs example

disk_config tmpfs
tmpfs   /tmp    RAM:20% defaults
tmpfs   /scratch        3GiB    defaults

•

Mount a tmpfs on /tmp with a maximum size equal to 20% of the total amount of RAM in the machine. This is equivalent to using size=20% in the tmpfs mount options.

•

Mount a tmpfs on /scratch with a maximum size of 3 GiB.

Simple BTRFS example

disk_config disk1
primary /boot 500 ext4 rw
primary - 2G- - -
disk_config disk2
primary - 2G- - -
disk_config disk3 sameas:disk2
disk_config disk4 sameas:disk2
disk_config btrfs fstabkey:uuid
btrfs raid1 /                 disk1.2,disk2.1  noatime,subvol=@/
btrfs raid1 /home             disk3.1,disk4.1  subvol=@home,noatime

•

Four disks are used to create a BTRFS RAID. The first disk contains the boot partition, the second partition of disk one and the second disk in its entirety are used to create the / RAID. The third and fourth disks are used to create the /home RAID.

•

Note that each BTRFS RAID must contain an initial subvolume. This is necessary to use advanced BTRFS features such as snapshots. The initial subvolume name is taken from the subvol mountoption. In the above example those would be @/ and @home.
 Subvolume names begin with an @ by convention.

•

Every BTRFS line must begin with btrfs followed by the RAID-level of the actual data -- NOT metadata! By default metadata uses RAID1, however this can be changed using createopts.

External log device example

disk_config /dev/sda fstabkey:uuid bootable:2
primary /       20GiB   ext3            defaults
primary /boot   250     ext2            defaults
primary swap    4GiB    swap            defaults
logical -       256     ext3_journal    -
logical -       256     ext4_journal    -
logical -       256     xfs_journal     -
disk_config /dev/sdb fstabkey:uuid
primary /mnt/ext3       33%     ext3:journal=/dev/sda5          defaults
primary /mnt/ext4       33%     ext4:journal=/dev/sda6          defaults
primary /mnt/xfs        33%     xfs:journal=/dev/sda7           defaults

• Mount an ext3 filesystem on /dev/sdb1 with an external journal on /dev/sda5
• Mount an ext4 filesystem on /dev/sdb2 with an external journal on /dev/sda6
• Mount an XFS filesystem on /dev/sdb3 using /dev/sda7 as the log device

SYNTAX

This section describes the syntax of disk_config files

file ::= <lines> EOF

lines ::= EOL

          /* empty lines or whitespace only */

          | <comment> EOL

          | <config> EOL

comment ::= #.*

config ::= disk_config lvm( <lvmoption>)*

           | disk_config raid( <raidoption>)*

           | disk_config cryptsetup( <cryptsetupoption>)*

           | disk_config tmpfs

           | disk_config end

           | disk_config disk[[:digit:]]+( <option>)*

           | disk_config [^[:space:]]+( <option>)*

           /* fully qualified device-path or short form, like hda, whereby full

            * path is assumed to be /dev/hda; may contain shell globbing such

            * as /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-* */

           | <volume>

lvmoption ::= /* empty */

           | preserve_always:([^/,\s\-]+-[^/,\s\-]+(,[^/,\s\-]+-[^/,\s\-]+)*|all)

           /* preserve volumes -- always */

           | preserve_reinstall:([^/,\s\-]+-[^/,\s\-]+(,[^/,\s\-]+-[^/,\s\-]+)*|all)

           /* preserve volumes -- unless the system is installed for the

           first time */

           | preserve_lazy:([^/,\s\-]+-[^/,\s\-]+(,[^/,\s\-]+-[^/,\s\-]+)*|all)

           /* preserve volumes -- unless these don't exist yet */

           | always_format:([^/,\s\-]+-[^/,\s\-]+(,[^/,\s\-]+-[^/,\s\-]+)*|all)

           /* run mkfs on the volumes, even if marked as preserve */

           | resize:([^/,\s\-]+-[^/,\s\-]+(,[^/,\s\-]+-[^/,\s\-]+)*|all)

           /* attempt to resize partitions */

           | fstabkey:(device|label|uuid)

           /* when creating the fstab, the key used for defining the device

           may be the device (/dev/xxx), a label given using -L, or the uuid

           */

raidoption ::= /* empty */

           | preserve_always:([[:digit:]]+(,[[:digit:]]+)*|all)

           /* preserve volumes -- always */

           | preserve_reinstall:([[:digit:]]+(,[[:digit:]]+)*|all)

           /* preserve volumes -- unless the system is installed for the

           first time */

           | preserve_lazy:([[:digit:]]+(,[[:digit:]]+)*|all)

           /* preserve volumes -- unless these don't exist yet */

           | always_format:([[:digit:]]+(,[[:digit:]]+)*|all)

           /* run mkfs on the volumes, even if marked as preserve */

           | fstabkey:(device|label|uuid)

           /* when creating the fstab the key used for defining the device

           may be the device (/dev/xxx), a label given using -L, or the uuid

           */

cryptsetupoption ::= /* empty */

           | randinit

           /* initialise all encrypted partitions with random data */

option ::= /* empty */

           | preserve_always:([[:digit:]]+(,[[:digit:]]+)*|all)

           /* preserve partitions -- always; the numbers refer to partition

           numbers, i.e., preserve_always:5 for /dev/hda refers to /dev/hda5,

           which may not necessarily be the 5th line of the configuration */

           | preserve_reinstall:([[:digit:]]+(,[[:digit:]]+)*|all)

           /* preserve partitions -- unless the system is installed for the

           first time. See preserve_always above for the semantics of numbers

           used for referring to partitions. */

           | preserve_lazy:([[:digit:]]+(,[[:digit:]]+)*|all)

           /* preserve partitions -- unless these don't exist yet */

           | always_format:([[:digit:]]+(,[[:digit:]]+)*|all)

           /* run mkfs on the partitions, even if marked as preserve */

           | resize:([[:digit:]]+(,[[:digit:]]+)*|all)

           /* attempt to resize partitions */

           | disklabel:(msdos|gpt|gpt-bios)

           /* write a disklabel - default is msdos */

           | bootable:[[:digit:]]+

           /* mark a partition bootable, default is / */

           | virtual

           /* do not assume the disk to be a physical device, use with xen */

           | fstabkey:(device|label|uuid)

           /* when creating the fstab the key used for defining the device

           may be the device (/dev/xxx), a label given using -L, or the uuid

           */

           | sameas:(disk[[:digit:]]+|[^[:space:]]+)

           /* Indicate that this disk will use the same scheme

           as the given device. The referenced device must be

           defined before the device using this option. Use only

           with identical hardware.

           */

           | align-at:([[:digit:]]+[kKMGTPiB]*)

           /* Align partitions at multiples of the given block size (unit

           defaults to MiB, if omitted). Such an alignment, e.g., 4K, might be

           important for proper performance of RAID arrays which use a logical

           block size other than the sector size of the underlying disks. It

           must, however, always be a multiple of this sector size.

           */

volume ::= <type> <mountpoint> <size> <filesystem> <mount_options> <fs_options>

           | vg <name> <size> <fs_options>

           /* lvm vg */

           | tmpfs <mountpoint> <tmpfs_size> <mount_options>

           /* tmpfs volume */

type ::= primary

         /* for physical disks only */

         | logical

         /* for physical disks only */

         | raw-disk

         /* for physical disks only: do not partition this disk, use it as-is */

         | raid[0156]

         /* raid level */

         | luks

         /* encrypted partition using LUKS and auto-generate a key file */

         | luks:"[^"]+"

         /* encrypted partition using LUKS and use quoted string as passphrase */

         | tmp

         /* encrypted partition for /tmp usage, will be

            recreated with a random key at each boot and

            reformatted as ext2 */

         | swap

         /* encrypted partition for swap space usage, will

            be recreated with a random key at each boot and

            reformatted as swap space */

         | [^/[:space:]]+-[^/[:space:]]+

         /* lvm logical volume: vg name and lv name*/

mountpoint ::= (-|swap|/[^:[:space:]]*)

               /* do not mount, mount as swap, or mount at fully qualified path */

name ::= [^/[:space:]]+

         /* lvm volume group name */

sizespec ::= RAM:[[:digit:]]+%|[[:digit:]]+[kKMGTP%iB]*

         /* size in kilo (KiB), mega (default, MiB), giga (GiB), tera (TiB),

          * petabytes (PiB) or percentage of disk size or RAM size; integers

          * only, no decimal numbers.

          * Use KB, MB, GB, ... for a factor of 1000 instead of 1024 as

          * multiplier */

size ::= <sizespec>(-(<sizespec>)?)?(:resize|:preserve_(always|reinstall|lazy))?

         /* size, possibly given as a range; physical partitions or lvm logical

          * volumes only */

         | -<sizespec>(:resize|:preserve_(always|reinstall|lazy))?

         /* size given as upper limit; physical partitions or lvm logical

          * volumes only */

         | [^,:[:space:]]+(:(spare|missing))*(,[^,:[:space:]]+(:(spare|missing))*)*

         /* devices and options for a raid or lvm vg */

tmpfs_size ::= <sizespec>

         /* tmpfs size */

mount_options ::= [^[:space:]]+

filesystem ::= -

               | swap

               | [^[:space:]]

               /* mkfs.xxx must exist */

fs_options ::= (createopts=".*"|tuneopts=".*"|(pv|vg|lv|md)createopts=".*")*

               /* options to append to mkfs.xxx and to the filesystem-specific

                * tuning tool, pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate or mdadm */

CAVEATS

• If you use software RAID or LVM in your disk config, do not forget also to add the required packages (like mdadm and lvm2) to the package config. Otherwise the client will not be able to use these features.

• Machine does not boot because no partition is marked as bootable: If the bootable option is not specified, not partition will be marked as such. Modern BIOSes don't seem to require such markers anymore, but for some systems it may still be necessary. Previous versions of setup-storage by default marked the partition mounting / as bootable, but this is not a sane default for all cases. If you want to be sure not boot failures happen because of a missing bootable marker, explicitly set the bootable option. Of course, there are lots of other reasons why a system may fail to boot.
• Crypto support requires some site-specific changes: If you use cryptsetup stanza, a crypttab(5) file and key files for all luks volumes will be created (unless you used the passphrase option). The key files are left in /tmp/fai; you will want to copy these to some removable media. To make encrypted root devices actually usable, you need to add busybox (and initramfs-tools) to your package config.
• For backwards compatibility or other system-specific reasons an alignment to cylinder boundaries may be necessary. Yet other systems will have other alignment constraints. setup-storage sets the alignment as follows: If align-at is set, align accordingly. Otherwise, if any partition on the particular disk is to be preserved, default to cylinder alignment. Else use sector alignment.

AUTHOR

The setup-storage program was written by Michael Tautschnig <[email protected]>, with contributions from Christian Kern, Julien Blache <[email protected]> and others.

The original and primary author of FAI is Thomas Lange <[email protected]>.